OB vocab Flashcards
Enlargement/widening of cervical opening
Dilation
When does dilation occur?
Once labor has begun
What are the dilation examples(in order)
Cheerio, banana slice, cracker, soda can, bagel
Shortening and thinning of cervix
Effacement
Indicates largest transverse diameter of presenting part has passed thru pelvic brim/inlet into true pelvis
Engagement
Station
Location of presenting part in relation to ischial spines
As the fetus progresses thru delivery, how is the station described?
0=station engaged, then as baby progresses down through pelvis—> +1,2,3
When is the station described as -1,-2,-3?
When the presenting part is above the ischial spines
Presenting part
What is coming down first
Number of pregnancies
Gravida
Never been pregnant before
Nulligravida
Only been pregnant once
Primigravida
Been pregnant 2 or more times
Multigravida
Number of pregnancies in which the fetus reaches 20 weeks of pregnancy
Para
Nullipara
No pregnancy beyond stage of viability
Primipara
One pregnancy completed to stage of viability
Multipara
Two or more completed pregnancies to stage of variability
Braxton hicks
False contractions
Describe Braxton hicks
False contractions that are painless, irregular, and are relieved by walking
Zygote
Diploid cell; from fusion of two haploid gametes; fertilized ovum
Morula
Stage of development where dividing cell mass=20-30 cells, results from division of ovum
Infant has pink body but blue tinted hands and feet
Acrocyanosis
Acrocyanosis is an abnormal finding in a newborn T/F
False- normal finding in a newborn—> concerning when around the mouth and eyes
Small raised white spots on the nose, chin, forehead.
Milia
How to treat milia
Leave alone, disappear spontaneously without tx
Fontanelle
Soft spot on infants head-where the bony plates have not come together
What does it mean when the baby’s fontanelle is sunken?
Severe dehydration- late sign!
Slight overlapping of bones in the fetal skill- occurs during childbirth
Molding
Why does a baby go through molding?
It allows the skull to adapt to various pelvic diameters
When is a group B strep culture obtained?
Between 36-37 weeks of gestation.
How do you test for GBS?
Perineal swab, if positive- IV prophylactic abx started when admitted for labor
What is the APGAR?
Quick review of systems at 1 and 5 min after birth
Why do we use the APGAR?
Allows for rapid assessment of extrauterine adaptation and rapid intervention
Scores for APGAR
0-3=severe distress
4-6=moderate difficulty
7-10=minimal or no difficulty with adjusting to extrauterine life
The higher the APGAR score the…
The better the baby has adjusted to life outside of the womb
What are the five things that the APGAR assessment looks at?
HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex irritability, skin color
What is the score range for the APGAR?
0-10
IUGR
Intrauterine growth restriction
What is IUGR
Fetus does not meet the expected growth rate
Bluish purple spots of pigmentation commonly on the shoulders, back, and buttocks
Mongolian spots
Localized swelling of soft tissues of scalp caused by pressure on head during labor
Caput succedaneum
Palpated as soft, edematous mass and can cross over suture line,r evolves within 3-4 days-does not require tx
Caput succedaneum
Collection of blood between periosteum and skull bone that it covers.
Cephalohematoma
Does not cross the suture line, results from trauma during birth, appears in first 1-2 days afterbirth, resolves in 2-3 weeks
Cephalohematoma
Variable transitory increase in fetal HR above baseline
Accelerations
Accelerations are bad T/F
False
Transitory, abrupt slowing of the fetal HR 15/min or more below baseline for at least 15 seconds, variable in relation to uterine contraction
Decelerations
What is the requirement for something to be classified as a deceleration?
Abrupt slowing of HR 15/min or more below baseline for at least 15 seconds
Do uterine contractions cause decorations?
Yes, they can- but not all declarations are related/correlated with/to contractions
BPP
Biophysical profile
Uses real time ultrasound to visualize physical and physiological characteristics of the fetus
Biophysical profile
What does a BPP observe for?
Fetal biophysical responses to stimuli. Combines fetal HR monitoring and fetal ultrasound
What is a biophysical profile a combination of?
Fetal HR monitoring and fetal ultrasound (real time)
What characteristics can be observed in a BPP?
Amniotic fluid vol
NST (non stress test)
Breathing
Limb movement
Fetal muscle tone
Epidural
Local anesthetic with an analgesic injected into epidural space at the fourth or fifth vertebrae level
Newborn’s first poop
Meconium
Meconium
Thick, sticky, tarry, dark green poop- made of cells, proteins, fats, and intestinal secretions (like bile)
Gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord
Wharton’s jelly
Presenting part of the fetus is the head
Vertex
Breech
Presenting part of the fetus is either the buttocks/feet
How many types of breech are there?
Three
What are the three types of breech?
Frank/extended breech (65-70%)
Complete/flexed breech (30%)
Footling breech (10%; emergency)
How long does it take the umbilical cord to “dry up and fall off” ?
7-14 days
Lochia
Post birth uterine discharge that contains blood, mucus, and uterine tissue.
The amount of lochia is similarly to heavy menstrual period about 2 hours after delivery then decreases gradually at a consistent rate. What are the three stages?
Lochia Rubra, Lochia serosa, Lochia alba
Lochia rubra
First stage
Dark , red
3-4 days
Lochia Serosa
Second stage
Pink/brown
4-12 days
Lochia alba
Third stage
Yellow, white
About 12 days
