Hormones Flashcards
what are the phases within the Ovarian Cycle?
Follicular, Ovulatory, and Luteal Phases (FOL)
Ovarian cycle acronym
FOOL (Ovarian=follicular, ovulatory, and Luteal phases)
What are the phases within the Endometrial cycle?
Proliferation, secretory, menstrual phases
What is an acronym for the phases within the endometrial cycle?
PMS (proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phase)
What are the two halves of the female reproductive cycle?
Ovarian and endometrial cycles
Phases of the menstrual cycle
Menstrual (1-6 days)
Proliferative ( 7-14 days)
Secretory (15-26 days)
What are the ovarian hormones?
Estrogen and progesterone
What is the menstrual cycle timeline?
1st day of period to the 1st day of the next period (avg 28 days)
What happens after ovulation if the egg is not fertilized?
Progesterone and estrogen levels drop, so the endometrium is not being nourished so menstruation begins and the lining is being shed
Purpose(s) of Estrogen
Crucial for maturing of egg follicle
Purpose(s) of Progesterone
- Thickens endometrium (to prepare for zygote)
- Relaxes uterus (maintain pregnancy once egg implants)
Purpose(s) of Prostaglandins
- Help release egg for ovulation
- Increases labor contractions and opening of cervix for birth
Which is NOT true about the hormone progesterone?
A. It causes the endometrial lining to thicken in readiness for implanting of a fertilized egg
B. It relaxes smooth muscle to allow the uterus to grow during pregnancy
C. It causes release of the egg at ovulation, then makes the corpus luteum
D. When the levels drop it causes the thick endometrium to be shed in menses
C. It causes release of the egg at ovulation, then makes the corpus luteum (that is the prostaglandin)
Your client wants to know what hormone decreases to trigger her period
A. Luteinizing hormone
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
C. Progesterone
D. Follicle stimulating hormone
Progesterone
Which phase of menstrual cycle is characterized by development and maturation of ovarian follicle?
Follicular
During which phase of the endometrial cycle does the endometrium thicken and prepare for potential implantation?
Secretory phase
Which hormone is crucial for the maturation of the egg follicle and prepares the uterus for implantation?
Estrogen
How does the body temp change around the time of ovulation?
It drops before ovulation and rises by 1/2 degree after ovulation
What does “Spinnbarkeit” sign indicate during menstrual cycle?
Thin clear and stretchy cervical mucus (egg whites)
Where does fertilization typically occur?
Outer third of fallopian tube
Which hormone is NOT produced by the placenta?
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
What is menarche?
Female’s first period
When is the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
BEFORE ovulation
When is the luteal phase?
LATER, after ovulation
Follicular phase hormones
GnRH, FSH, LH—> ovulation
What hormone does the embryo release?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What hormone does a pregnancy test test for?
HCG (Hyman chorionic gonadotropin)
What hormone is present when a pregnancy test is positive?
HCG
What is the hormone process for menstrual cycle?
Hypothalamus—> GnRH—> anterior pituitary—> FSH, LH—> ovarian follicles—> Estrogen—>follicle releases egg—> corpus luteum (collapsed ovarian follicle after egg released)—> estrogen and progesterone (keep lining thick and prevent cycle from restarting)—> embryo—> HCG
