OA & Principles of Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Osteoarthritis?

A

Degeneritive arthritis affecting synovial joints, characterised by cartilage degeneration

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for OA?

A
  • Abnormal anatomy
  • Intra-articular fracture
  • Ligament fracture
  • Meniscal Injury
  • Occupation (farmers, football players)
  • Persistent heavy physical activity
  • Elite running
  • Obesity
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3
Q

What is the pathology of OA?

A

1 - Muscle weakness/ligament injury/abnormal anatomy

2- Instability/misalignment

3 - Increased load on joint

4 - Joint microtrauma

5 - Osteoarthritic joint with elevated IL-1B, TNF alpha, MMPs

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4
Q

What is the epidemiology of OA?

A
  • Most common form of joint problem
  • > 50% of UK population > 60 affected
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5
Q

What are the clinical features of OA?

A
  • 45 years +
  • Activity-related joint pain plus
  • Has either no morning joint-related stiffness or morning stiffness that lasts no longer than 30 minutes
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6
Q

How is OA investigated?

A

X-RAY

Management:

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7
Q

What are the 1st line treatments of OA?

A

NSAID’s and Paracetamol

Apply heat or ice to joint

Loose weight

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8
Q

What are the non-pharmacological treatments of OA?

A

Thermotherapy

Electrotherapy

Walking stick

Physiotherapy

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9
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments of OA?

A

Paracetamol

NSAID’s

Topical Capsaicin

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10
Q

What are the surgical options for management of OA?

A

Joint replacement

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11
Q

What is the appearance of an OA joint on x-ray?

A

LOSS:

L - Loss of joint space

O - Osteophytes

S - Subchondral cysts

S - Sclerosis

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