Example SAQ's Flashcards

1
Q

If a baby is presented to you with jaundice, what questions would you like to ask to get a better idea of the diagnosis?

A

1 - Colour of stools

2 - Colour of urine

3 - Is baby breast or bottle fed?

4 - Is baby feeding well?

5 - Is baby gaining weight?

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2
Q

What investigations would you undertake in a baby who is presented with jaundice?

A

1 - Bilirubin (unconjugated and conjugated)

2 - Liver function tests

3 - Full blood count

4 - Coombs test

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3
Q

What would you say to a mother who does want to have blood tests done on her child?

A

1 - Acknowledge that blood tests on a baby are upsetting to think about

2 - The blood tests will help rule out any significant pathology

3 - Taking bloods is a standard procedure we do on all babies who present like this

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4
Q

What is the most likely cause of a conjugated bilirubin in a baby lasting more than 2 weeks?

A

Biliary atresia

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5
Q

What would you say to parents once you have found out that is a conjugated biliary atresia picture?

A

1 - We will need to perform further investigations

2 - Baby will need to go for specialist assessment

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6
Q

What are the components of a PEWS chart?

A

1 - Heart rate

2 - Resp rate

3 - Temperature

4 - Oxygen saturations

5 - Blood pressure

6 - Alert, voice, pain, unresponsive

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7
Q

What initial investigations would you make in a child who has a high fever, lethargy, poor feeding and strong smelling urine?

A

1 - Urine dipstick

2 - Urine culture

3 - Blood culture

4 - FBC

5 - CRP

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8
Q

How are UTI’s treated in children who are systemically unwell?

A

IV Co-amoxiclav

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9
Q

How are UTI’s treated in children who are systemically well?

A

Oral trimethoprim

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10
Q

Following UTI in a child, what investigations would you perform and why?

A

USS - To check on the structure of the kidney following the infection

DSMA scan - To check for any scaring of the kidneys following the infection

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11
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for a child who has a limp and difficulty walking and what questions could you ask to help clarify your diagnosis?

A

Transient synovitis - had any colds or coughs recently?

Rheumatic fever - had a rash or any other joints involved?

Septic arthritis - had any fevers or sweating?

Trauma - had any falls or injuries?

Leukaemia - any bruising or pallor?

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12
Q

If a child who has been struggling to walk is found to have a rhino virus infecton, what is the likely diagnosis?

A

Transient synovitis

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13
Q

How would you manage a child with transient synovitis?

A

Mobilise as early as possible

Analgesics as required

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14
Q

A girls is presented to you following an episode of collapse at school with some jerky movements.

What questions would you ask to help guide your diagnosis?

A

1 - How long did the event last?

2 - Was there a precipitating event? e.g. dehydration, missed a meal, stress

3 - Was she responsive during the event?

4 - What was her skin colour like during the event?

5 - Were her eyes rolling, fixed or vacant?

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15
Q

What is the most common cause for a collapsing event in children and what are some common triggers?

A

1 - Vaso-vagal event

2 - Syncope

Triggers - stress, change in temperature, dehydration, hypoglycaemia

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16
Q

What is the most important investigation to perform following a fainting event and why?

A

ECG - to rule out long QT syndrome

17
Q

What advice would you give parents following a fainting episode of their child?

A

1 - Common at this age

2 - Maintain fluid intake throughout the day

3 - Physical activity and leg strengthening can help prevent further episodes

18
Q

What are the normal changes that occur in fetal circulation following birth?

A

1 - PDA closes

2 - Ductus venosus closes

3 - Flow in pulmonary vessels increases

4 - Systemic vascular resistance increases

5 - Umbilical veins and arteries are closed off

19
Q

How should tachypnoea in a new born baby be investigated - what examination features will you look for?

A

Heart rate

Oxygen sats

Colour

Signs of chest retraction

20
Q

What are the possible causes of tachypnoea in a new born baby?

A

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Sepsis

Pneumothorax

21
Q

How would you manage a baby with tachypnea?

A

CXR

Blood gases

Admit to neonatal ward

Septic screen

22
Q

What would you say to parents of a newborn baby that needs to moved to neonatal ward but parents dont want him to move?

A

1 - This is a common cause for admission

2 - Need to be in neonatal ward in case of serious complications

3 - Closer observation in specialised unit