O&G and Urinary-tract disorders

Question 1

Oral combination pill contraceptives

Answer 1

Desogestrel and ethinyl-estradiol

MoA:
Mimics ovulations, reduces LH and FSH

Indications:
Hormonal contraception, PCOS

Side Effects:
Weight gain, depression, DVT risk

Question 2

Oral mini-pill contraceptives Progesterone-only

Answer 2

Desogestrel, Levonorgestrel (emergency)

MoA:
Mimics ovulations, reduces LH and FSH, endometrial changes

Indication:
Hormonal contraception

Side Effects:
Depression

Question 3

Implants/injectable contraceptives

Answer 3

Etonogestrel (subcutaneous implant)

MoA:
Mimics ovulations, reduces LH and FSH

Indication:
Hormonal contraception

Side Effects:
Weight gain, depression

Question 4

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 4

Estradiol, Noresthisterone, Medroxyprogesterone

MoA:
Restores decreased hormone level and function

Indication:
Menopause

Side Effects:
Weight gain, depression

Question 5

Induction of labour

Answer 5

Dinoprostone

MoA:
Prostaglandin E2 - stimulates cervical ripening

Indication:
Delay in labour

Question 6

Augmentation Agents

Answer 6

Oxytocin

MoA:
Stimulation of uterine contraction

Indication:
Delay in labour

Side Effects:
Nausea, arrhythmia

Question 7

Antiprogestogen/Prostaglandin for medical termination

Answer 7

Mifepristone with Misoprostol

MoA:
Steroidal antiprogestogen in combination with synthethic prostaglandin

Indication:
Termination of pregnancy

Side Effects:
GI cramps, uterine contractions, vaginal bleeding

Question 8

Antifibrinolytic for menorrhagia

Answer 8

TXA

MoA:
Inhibits fibrin clot breakdown by plasmin

Indication:
Menorrhagia

Side Effect:
Nausea

Question 9

NSAID (for dysmenorrhoea)

Answer 9

Mefenamic acid

MoA:
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

Indication:
Dysmenorrhoea

Side Effects:
GI Bleeding

Question 10

Alpha-1 blocker

Answer 10

Tamsulosin

MoA:
Smooth muscle relaxant acting on bladder neck

Indication:
BPH, urinary retention

Side Effects:
Dizziness

Interactions:
Hypotensive drugs

Question 11

Urinary antispasmodic (Antimuscarinic)

Answer 11

Oxybutinin

MoA:
Blockade of ACh receptors leading to bladder smooth muscle relaxation

Indications:
Overactive bladder

Side Effects:
Dry mouth, tachycardia (preceded by transient bradycardia)

Question 12

Beta-3-agonist

Answer 12

Mirabegron

MoA:
Stimulation of Beta-3 adrenergic receptors, leading to detrusor smooth muscle relaxation

Indications:
Overactive bladder

Side Effects:
Bladder pain

Question 13

Anti-androgens

Answer 13

Finasteride

MoA:
Inhibition of synthesis of dihydrotestosterone

Indications:
BPH

Side Effects:
Impotence