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O-Chem Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

Haloform; CH3, methyl ketone

A

*I2, excess, OH- is the … reaction. It removes a … from a …

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2
Q

dextrorotatory; levorotatory; S

A

+ Rotation = …; - Rotation = … If you have an R enantiomer, it’s mirror image will be …

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3
Q

Carbonyl, an Alcohol

A

… appears around 1720 cm^-1, … gives a broad signal around 3300 cm^-1

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4
Q

Tollens; acid

A

1) Ag2O, NH3 2) H3O+ is the … reagent. It will oxidize an aldehyde into an …

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5
Q

aniline (NH2)

A

1) Sn, HCl, 2) OH- react with a Nitro (NO2) group on a benzene ring and make

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6
Q

Zwitterion, Amino Acids

A

A … is a molecule that has both a positive and negative electrical charge on different atoms within the molecule. They are commonly found in …

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7
Q

*Alkyl and Allylic Halides= Positive in AgNO3 in alcohol *A precipitate of AgX is formed

A

A chemical lab test using AgNO3 in alcohol is used to test for … and … A precipitate of … is formed.

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8
Q

*Chromate oxidations= Primary and Secondary alcohols are oxidized. *Reddish-orange dichromate gives a greenish solution, same as Jones oxidation.

A

A chemical lab test using Chromate oxidations is done with … The reddish-orange dichromate or chromate agent shows a … solution. … oxidation gives the same result.

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9
Q

70% R + 30% R+S (racemic) = 85% R, 15% S

A

A compound is 70% pure R, the it’s entire composition is …

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10
Q

Polarimeter

A

A device used to measure the effect of plane-polarized light on optically active compounds is called a

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11
Q

Double bond or ring contributes: 1 degree of unsaturation Triple Bond contributes: 2 degrees of unsaturation

A

A double bond or ring contributes … degrees of unsaturation, a triple bond contributes … degrees.

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12
Q

a primary amine

A

A Gabriel Synthesis is a simple SN2 mechanism in which a primary alkyl halide is converted into …

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13
Q

*Alkenes, alkynes and alcohols dissolve when added to cold H2SO4 *Alkanes and alkyl halides are insoluble

A

A lab test with concentrated H2SO4 dissolves … Other substances such as … are insoluble.

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14
Q

optical activity, chiral carbons, a plane of symmetry

A

A meso compound has no …, it does however contain … and …

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15
Q

greatest

A

A molecule that is branched and possesses symmetry can fit into a crystal best, thus has the … melting point.

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16
Q

highest, greatest, greatest, lowest

A

A molecule with no branching will have the … boiling point, … amount of surface area, … amount of dispersion forces and the … melting point.

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17
Q

2200 cm^-1

A

A Nitrile, CN (triple) bond would give an IR band at

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18
Q

mutarotate, negative, negative, NO hemiacetal group

A

A Non-Reducing sugar will not …, give a … Tollens test, a … Benedicts test and will not contain a … group.

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19
Q

Zwitterion

A

A nuetral form of an amino acid such that it is equally protonated and equally deprotonated is called a

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20
Q

Amino group, Carboxy group

A

A peptide bond or amide bond is formed between the … of one amino acid and the … of another amino acid.

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21
Q

Tollens (+)= aldehyde; alpha-hydroxy ketone 2,4 DNP (+)= carbonyl group

A

A positive Tollen’s test suggests either … or … A positive test with 2,4-DNP suggests a … group.

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22
Q

polypeptide subunits.

A

A proteins quaternary structure is the arrangement of …

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23
Q

the 3-D shape, Fibrous proteins; collagen sheets/long strands

A

A proteins tertiary structure is …, examples include …

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24
Q

centrifugation, the bottom

A

A red blood cell in plasma is best separated by … in which the more dense particles settle towards …

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25
Q

*Ag(NH3)2OH= this is a test for alkynes with terminal triple bonds

A

A silver nitrate in ammonia Ag(NH3)2OH chemical lab test was performed to test for …

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26
Q

raise

A

A soluble nonvolatile substance such as NaCl will … the boiling point.

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27
Q

*Tollens Test- primarily for Aldehydes, uses Ag(NH3)2 or Ag2O/ NH3 *The reaction flask is coated with a “mirror of silver” Remember **Positive Tollens Test also means a reducing sugar, that will mutarotate, and give a positive Benedicts Test

A

A Tollens test is primarily a test for … using … For a positive result, the walls of the reaction flask are coated with a “…

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28
Q

high

A

Alcohols have hydrogen bonding which increases the intermolecular forces of attraction which gives rise to a … boiling point.

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29
Q

an Amino group, a Carboxyl group, and a variable R-group side chain

A

All amino acids contain (3 things)

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30
Q

deactivate

A

All meta directors … the ring

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31
Q

not be, protonation by acqeuous acid, ammonium salt.

A

Amines larger than 3 carbons will … water soluble. Amines become soluble by …, which converts the Amine into a water soluble …

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32
Q

Amide

A

An acyl halide reacts with a primary amine to yield?

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33
Q

an Anhydride.

A

An acyl halide reacts with an acid (COOH) to form …

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34
Q

an alpha hydrogen, remove, the alpha hydrogen, an enolate anion

A

An Aldol Condensation reaction can only occur if the aldehyde or simple ketone involved contains … because we must … the …in order to generate ….

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35
Q

1650 cm^-1

A

An alkene would give an IR band at

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36
Q

2200 cm^-1

A

An alkyne would give an IR band at

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37
Q

1700 cm^-1

A

An anhydride would give a pair of bands around

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38
Q

1200 cm^-1

A

An ether would give an IR band at

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39
Q

separation, isolation

A

An extraction with solvents is used for … and … of substances from mixtures.

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40
Q

*Iodoform Test I2/OH-: Positive for a methyl ketone, or methyl carbinol. *A yellow precipitate of CH3I (iodoform) forms

A

An Iodoform I2/OH- chemical lab test was used to test for … A … precipitate of … formed.

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41
Q

Fatty Acid; fatty acids contain long hydrocarbon chains and a single acid group C14H28O2= CH3(CH2)12COOH

A

An unknown compound was identified as C14H28O2. This compound is likely a:

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42
Q

cyclic, planar sp2 hybridization/ p-orbitals Huckel’s Rule: 4n + 2 pi electrons.

A

Aromatic compounds must be …, planar, with every atom of the ring having …, while obeying Huckel’s Rule of …

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43
Q

unreactive

A

Aryl halides (aromatic) and vinyl halides (double bonds) are … in both SN1 and SN2 reactions.

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44
Q

1-4 addition, thermodynamic

A

At high temperatures a conjugated diene will give the major product as …, this is under … control.

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45
Q

1-2 addition, kinetic

A

At low temperatures a conjugated diene will give the major product as …, this is under … control.

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46
Q

negative, it doesn’t contain a true double bond, but rather a resonance hybrid.

A

Benzene gives a … test in Br2/CCl4 and cold dilute KMnO4 because …

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47
Q

double or triple bonds; colorless, brown

A

Br2/CCl4 and cold, dilute KMnO4 react with compounds containing … For this test orange/brown Br2/CCl4 becomes … and purple KMnO4 turns …

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48
Q

lowers, surface area

A

Branching … the boiling point of a molecule because branched molecules have less …

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49
Q

3300 and 3400 cm^-1 due to the two H’s attached to the N.

A

CH3CH2NH2 will contain two weak absorbtions at approximately … and … due to the …

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50
Q

Epoxidation occurs

A

CH3COOOH reagent indicates that …

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51
Q

Baeyer-Villiger reaction, an ester

A

CH3COOOH reagent indicates the … reaction. An aldehyde or ketone is converted into …

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52
Q

oxidize, acids

A

Compounds such as Ag(NH3)2+ (tollens reagent) or Ag2O are mild agents used to … aldehydes into …

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53
Q

axial, equatorial

A

Consider (trans)-1-bromo-3-methylcyclohexane. The most stable conformation is given when bromine is … and methyl is …

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54
Q

Column chromatography and Crystallization can be used to seperate two isomers. First a mixture is dissolved in ethanol and cooled, the para isomer will crystallize out, and the ortho isomer will not. Crystals are then isolated and the mother liquor is run through a column to purify the ortho isomer.

A

Consider p - Nitroaniline and o - Nitroaniline. What methods are used to seperate these two compounds?

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55
Q

tautomers

A

Constitutional isomers that co-exist in rapid equilibrium are called

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56
Q

syn-same face; also it adds in the direction that creates the least steric hindrance.

A

D2 , like H2 simply adds across a double bond in a … fashion.

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57
Q

random coil

A

Denaturation causes a protein to lose its structure and revert to …

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58
Q

Epimers

A

Diastereomers in which two molecules differ in configuration about one carbon are called

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59
Q

water, 5 or 6 membered ring. See #235 if unclear, Destroyer 2011

A

Dicarboxylic acids can readily lose … when heated if they can form a …

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60
Q

different, different

A

Different bonds vibrate at … frequencies, thus they absorb … frequencies of IR light.

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61
Q

2’, deoxyribonucleic acid, outside the helix, interact with water.

A

DNA lacks a … OH group, it is a … acid. The sugar and phosphate groups lie … where they are able to …

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62
Q

*Alkenes and Alkynes = Positive in dilute KMnO4 *Deep Purple KMnO4 turns brown

A

During a chemical lab test using dilute KMnO4 … give a positive test and cause deep purple KMnO4 to turn …

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63
Q

*Alkenes, alkynes = Positive test in Br2/CCl4 *The orange brown color decolorizes

A

During a chemical lab test with Br2/CCl4 … give a positive test, in which the orange/brown color of Br2/CCl4 …

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64
Q

last, first

A

During column chromatography the order of elution depends on the polarity of the molecule. The most polar molecules elute … and the least polar molecules elute …

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65
Q

Wittig= (:P(Ph)3+ with an alkyl group) Ph= phenyl/ benzene ring

A

During the … reaction we synthesize an ylide.

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66
Q

FeBr3

A

During the Bromination of Benzene, which catalyst is employed?

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67
Q

*trans: highest priority substituents are opposite *cis: highest priority substituents are on same side

A

E means … Z means ..

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68
Q

Carbocation intermediate, Rate Law; 1st order k[halide], both are favored by tertiary substrates, since tertiary halides form tertiary carbocations

A

E1 and SN1 both share (3 properties)

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69
Q

increase, decrease; strongly acidic

A

EWG’s … acidity, ERG’s … acidity. A ring with an ERG and an EWG para to one another is …

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70
Q

CN, SO3H, COOH, CF3, NO2, aldehydes, carbonyls

A

Examples of meta directors are: (5-specific)

71
Q

OH, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, OCH3, OC2H5, NH2, NO, Halogens

A

Examples of ortho-para directors are: (5 in general)

72
Q

exothermicity, fast, endothermic, slowest. Remember: F2> Cl2> Br2> I2 for radical reactions.

A

F2 has a very high … in propagating steps and reacts very … I2 has a very … first propagating step, thus reacts the …

73
Q

unsaturated fatty acids, -fish=good=unsaturated

A

Fish and plant oils are abundant in

74
Q

Ketones: O is inserted closest to the most branched/ substituted portion of the molecule closest to the Carbonyl group. Aldehydes: Insert the O closest to the Hydrogen atom

A

For a Baeyer-Villiger reaction (CH3COOOH), if given a ketone, insert the O closest to the … If given an aldehyde insert the O closest to the …

75
Q

5 or 6 membered rings, always a di-beta-ketoester

A

For a Claisen-condensation reaction, a diester is treated with strong base (-NaOC2H5) to yield …

76
Q

stablizing the carbocation transition state

A

For SN1 polar protic solvents such as H2O and CH3OH are best because they accelerate the reaction by …

77
Q

tertiary; 3>2>1

A

For the SN1 reaction, the reactivity is faster for …halides

78
Q

Acidic Protons; hinder its formation; an acidic proton

A

Grignards are powerful bases, they react with … Groups such as SH, OH, COOH, NH2 and alkynes would react with Grignard and … A species would react the quickest when it doesn’t contain …

79
Q

poor, not be displaced

A

Groups such as OCH3, OH, CN, OC2H5 are … leaving groups and would … by nucleophiles such as I-

80
Q

Anti-Markovnikov

A

HBr and ROOR adds the Br group

81
Q

Markovnikov, ROOR only works Anti Markovnikov with HBr

A

HCl and ROOR will simply add … ROOR, will only work with

82
Q

loss of CO2; decarboxylation

A

Heating a Beta-keto acid will result in …

83
Q

basic extraction

A

Hexanoic acid can be seperated from a mixture by

84
Q

lower, fluid-like, kink, tightly packing

A

If a double bond is present, we have a … melting point unsaturated fatty acid that tends to be … A double bond produces a “… in the molecule and prevents it from …

85
Q

positive Tollens test, positive Benedicts test, mutarotate, reducing sugar.

A

If a hemiacetal group is present, a molecule can open up to its free aldehyde group, give a … Tollens test, a … Benedict’s test, … and be classified as a …

86
Q

Up= Beta; Down= Alpha

A

If OH is up at C-1 the sugar is … If OH is down at C-1 the sugar is …

87
Q

Up= D-sugar, it will also mutarotate Down= L-sugar

A

If the highest numbered carbon molecule is pointed up, the molecule is considered a … sugar. If the highest numbered carbon molecule points down, it is a … sugar.

88
Q

alpha form, beta form, alpha and beta forms differing in 1 Carbon are related as anomers

A

If the OH group at C-1 is down, we call it … If the OH group at C-1 is up, we call is … These two forms are related as …

89
Q

fractional distillation

A

If two compounds boil within a few degrees of one another, a … would be a likely technique for separation.

90
Q

axial, equatorial, 1-3 diaxial interactions, depart readily.

A

If you do elimination on a cyclohexane ring, draw a chair conformation first. Remember, the H and the halogen must both be in the … position. If t-butyl is present it must be in the … position. By placing a group in the equatorial position we minimize … andatoms can …

91
Q

slowly, longer it will take to elute

A

In column chromatography the more polar a compound is, the more … it will travel and the … it will elute.

92
Q

Elution

A

In column chromatography, a mixture is placed at the top of a solid support. The motion of the solute and solvent through the solid phase is called

93
Q

polar, polar, non-polar

A

In column chromatography, the silica gel is … and attracts … molecules, while the … molecules that do not strongly attract will elute first.

94
Q

A-T= 2H bonds, G-C=3H bonds, melting point increases and stability of sample increases.

A

In DNA A-T forms …bonds and C-G forms … bonds. As we increase the % GC, we increase the … and … the stability of the DNA sample.

95
Q

high enegry electrons, fragment

A

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is bombarded with …, which may … the molecule.

96
Q

*Clemmenson Reduction: Zn(Hg), HCl *Wolff-Kishner Reduction: NH2NH2, OH- , heat.

A

In order to completely transform a carbonyl on a benzene ring into CH2, we use … or …

97
Q

finding the nearest alkane and subtracting the difference in H’s, and dividing that number by 2 to find degree of unsaturation.

A

In order to find how many double bonds a molecule contains we have to find the “degree of unsaturation”. We do this by …

98
Q

I- > Br- > Cl- > F-

A

In terms of the Halogens (Group 17), what is the correct order from best leaving group to worst leaving group?

99
Q

short, polar, soluble

A

In thin layer chromatography compounds with small Rf values travel … distances are most … and most likely to be … in water.

100
Q

nonpolar, furthest

A

In thin layer chromatography the compound with the greatest Rf value is most … and travels the …

101
Q

inversely, faster

A

In thin layer chromatography, migration distance is … proportional to molecular weight, thus heavier molecules travel …

102
Q

dipole, symmetry (trans componds)

A

IR absorption occurs when a molecule has a …, when there is … there is a weak IR signal.

103
Q

identify molecular structure

A

IR spectroscopy is a technique used to

104
Q

aldehydes> primary alcohols ketones> secondary alcohols esters> primary alcohols carboxy acids> primary alcohols no effect on double and triple bonds

A

LiAlH4 reduces aldehydes into … ketones into … and carboxy acids into … It has … effect on double and triple bonds.

105
Q

removing the alpha proton that is most accessible/ least sterically hindered.

A

Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a large, sterically hindered base that reacts by …

106
Q

zero, plane of symmetry- which makes them optically inactive

A

Meso compounds have a rotation of … since they contain a …

107
Q

primary alcohols, secondary alcohols; Unlike LiAlH4, NaBH4 will not react with acids (COOH), esters or nitriles

A

NaBH4 is a reducing agent that will reduce aledhydes into … and ketones into … However it will not react with …

108
Q

NH2, Diazonium Salts Remember 1) Sn, HCl : transforms NO2 into NH2 2)OH-

A

NaNO2, HCl-> followed by H3PO2 are used to completely remove … from a benzene ring in ….

109
Q

activate; deactivate

A

Ortho-para directors … the ring, but when it comes to NO and Halogens they … the ring.

110
Q

primary alcohols= aldehydes secondary alcohols= ketones

A

PCC is a mild oxidizing agent that oxidizes primary alcohols into … and secondary alcohols into …

111
Q

oxidize, ketones

A

PCC will … secondary alcohols to form …

112
Q

OH groups, aldehydes or ketones

A

Periodic acid or HIO4 will cleave … on adjacent carbons and oxidize them into …

113
Q

polymer through polymerization

A

Peroxide initiators simply allow for the formation of a

114
Q

imines; enamines

A

Primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones to form … Secondary amines react to form …

115
Q

Aldol Condensation

A

Propanal and dilute sodium hydroxide react by this mechanism

116
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid; Bronsted-Lowry base it is accepting a proton.

A

Propyne is donating a proton to -:NH2; Propyne is acting as the … and -:NH2 is the … since …

117
Q

Amino acid sequence

A

Protein’s primary structure

118
Q

Alpha-helix, Beta-pleated sheets

A

Proteins secondary structure is the local structure of a protein as determined by Hydrogen bonds. Examples include

119
Q

Oxygen, or a Carbonyl Oxygen

A

Protons are most acidic when they are attached directly to

120
Q

larger, electronegative, loosely held, better

A

S is … than O, less … than O, thus it is more polarized, meaning electrons are more …, this makes S a … nucleophile.

121
Q

filtration

A

Sand can be seperated from a mixture by

122
Q

insoluble, no effect

A

Sand or charcoal are … substances, they will have … effect on boiling point.

123
Q

animal fat. -Remember fat=bad=saturated

A

Saturated fatty acids are abundant in …

124
Q

most stable

A

SN1 reactions occur fastest for the … carbocation

125
Q

polar aprotic

A

SN2 works best with … solvents

126
Q

experimentally determined

A

Some R molecules are + and some are -, the same goes for S molecules. This property is …

127
Q

E2

A

Strong bases such as C2H5O-Na+ and CH3O-Na+ favor … reactions when reacted with tertiary halides.

128
Q

*non-reducing sugar; also gives a negative Tollens test, negative Benedict’s test, does not mutarotate. * Glucose + Fructose -> Sucrose, they are linked by Glycosidic Linkages

A

Sucrose does not contain a hemiacetal group, thus it is a … The linkage seen in the sucrose molecule is called …

129
Q

glucose, fructose

A

Sucrose is made by the joining of 1 molecule of … and 1 molecule of …

130
Q

fastest

A

Tertiary halides undergo elimination the

131
Q

most substituted; least substituted *BLAM (Base is Less; Acid is More)

A

The addition of an acid following Epoxidation, would allow it to attach at the … carbon. Whereas the addition of a base would allow attachment at the … carbon.

132
Q

base, hydrogen, an acidic proton; an acidic alpha proton.

A

The Grignard is a powerful …, it will remove a … from any compound with … If something lacks … Grignard will not react with it.

133
Q

*Carbonyl CO, an amine *Hoffman rearrangement uses Br2/OH- reagent

A

The Hoffman rearrangement occurs where a primary amide lost a … and became …

134
Q

Alcohols: 3300Ketones: 1720 Ethers: 1100Carboxylic Acids: 1720 Aldehydes: 2800Ammines: 3100-3500

A

The IR spectroscopy frquencies for Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Ammines are … (cm^-1)

135
Q

conjugated (double bonds like in benzene); longer e.g. Anthracene is made of 3 rings, it is most conjugated and has the longest wavelength in UV

A

The more … a molecule is, the more stable, more likely to have color, and the … will be the UV wavelength absorption.

136
Q

lower, higher, decreased surface area

A

The more branched the substance, the … the boiling point, and the … the vapor pressure, due to …

137
Q

an Aldehyde. *Remember NaBH4 is a mild reducing agent an only reacts with aldehydes and ketones, it will not reduce esthers or carboxy acids.

A

The only molecule that can be both oxidized by K2Cr2O7 and reduced by LiAlH4 or NaBH4 is

138
Q

halide and the nucleophile, 2nd order kinetics

A

The rate for SN2 reactions depends on the … the rate is … order kinetics

139
Q

halide, it is nucleophile independent

A

The rate in SN1 reactions depends on the

140
Q

Keto-Enol Tautomerization (alcohol becomes a ketone)

A

The reagent HgSO4, H2SO4 and H2O is

141
Q

replaces an acidic proton or OH- group with OTs

A

The reagent TsCl, Pyr …

142
Q

100% inversion of the chirality center (100% R or S)

A

The SN2 stereochemical result is …

143
Q

Ether; in a solvolysis reaction, the solvent acts as the nucleophile. Here a tertiary halide (t-butyliodide) is involved in an SN1 reaction.

A

The solvolysis of t-butyliodide in ethanol will produce

144
Q

inversion, racemization

A

The stereochemical outcome of SN1 is partial … and partial …

145
Q

Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen

A

The structural component of plants is …, … is the storage component of energy in plants, whereas … stores energy in animals.

146
Q

an SN2, small, unhindered, primary methyl halides.

A

The Williamson Ether Synthesis is … type of reaction. It works best with … halides.

147
Q

Cellulose, Starch and Glycogen

A

Three most important Biological Polysaccharides are

148
Q

use a base such as NaOH

A

To extract a phenol…

149
Q

use a base such as NaOH or NaHCO3

A

To extract an acid…

150
Q

use an acid such as HBr

A

To extract an amine…

151
Q

evaporation of the ether

A

Toluene that is suspended in an ether layer of solution can be removed by

152
Q

greater strength, greater

A

Triple bonds have … than double bonds, thus they vibrate at a … frequency.

153
Q

True

A

True or False: An aldehyde can be oxidized into a carboxy acid if simply exposed to air

154
Q

True, know this

A

True or False: In nucleophilic acyl substitution the reactivity is Acyl halide > anhydride > thioester > amide > ether

155
Q

True; all of these are lab techniques needed to separate organic compounds

A

True or False: Organic compounds can be seperated by techniques such as extraction, recrystallization, distillation, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography.

156
Q

True

A

True or False: Saturated fatty acid tails pack very tightly together, giving a triglyceride with a high melting point, and solid or semi solid appearance.

157
Q

False, the least polar molecules elute first, everything else is True

A

True or False: The correct order of polarities of solutes in colum chromatography is alkanes> alkenes> ethers> esters> aldehydes> ketones> alcohols> acids; The most polar elute first.

158
Q

2 NH stretches; an amide, CO carbonyl stretch, though it is usually found at 1720, the amide has resonance so the stretch will be slightly less.

A

Two bands near 3200 and 3400 cm^-1 represent … stretches. If there is also a band at 1670 cm^-1 it means there is a …

159
Q

fewer, lower

A

Unsaturated fatty acids have … intermolecular attractions and have … melting points than saturated fatty acids.

160
Q

excited, promoted into higher energy levels; conjugated molecules

A

UV spectroscopy examines transitions between electronic energy levels, meaning electrons become … and are … This is only done for …

161
Q

not permitted

A

When a molecule contains double bond character between two atoms, free rotation is …

162
Q

quickly, less, more quickly

A

When choosing the most acidic proton, sterics must also be taken into consideration because acid-base reactions occur …, thus the … sterically hindered proton will be removed …

163
Q

2^N rule; entantiomers for meso compounds

A

When figuring out how many stereoisomers can be written, we use … rule and disregard the …

164
Q

Mutarotation

A

When Glycosidic reactions form beta and alpha acetals in equal amounts this is called

165
Q

a carbonyl and an alcohol OH- group, respectively

A

When looking at an IR graph we see peaks at 1720 cm^-1 and at 3480 cm^-1. These numbers indicate the presence of

166
Q

an Aldol Condensation; loss of an OH- group, forming a double bond.

A

When NaOH and H2O act as reagents this indicates … The additon of Heat causes …

167
Q

the benzylic position; 1 carbon away from the benzene ring

A

When NBS reacts with benzene, a Br group is attached to

168
Q

opposite directions e.g. (S)= +3.8 degrees, (R)= -3.8 degrees, two different values, polarimeter

A

When two molecules are enantiomers, they rotate light in …, and show … for their specific rotations when placed inside a …

169
Q

decarboxlyation

A

When you have a Beta-keto acid and heat is added … occurs

170
Q

Sulfonation, just add heat

A

Which electrophillic substitution reaction is reversible?

171
Q

Ester, (-COOR)

A

Which is a carboxy acid (-COOH) derived molecule?

172
Q

b) 2-pentanol; lowest vapor pressure=highest boiling point, since alcohols contain H-bonding they have very high boiling points.

A

Which of the compounds has the lowest vapor pressure? a) 2-pentanone b) 2-pentanol c) Pentane d) Pentanal e) Hexane

173
Q

an SN2 reaction, primary or methyl halides work best, it reacts with an alkoxide

A

Williamson Ether Synthesis is a …. reaction, the halide must be … or …, and the reacting molecule an …

MCAT (8 decks)

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