MCAT Physics & Math

Question 1

rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly

Answer 1

nucleolus is the site of what two important things?

Question 2

Mass of one species over total mass. g/mole

Answer 2

% by mass is just a ratio of what? What are the units of Molar mass?

Question 3

360 degrees

Answer 3

2 pie radians=

Question 4

Static friction-there is NO sliding only turning, and the force is pointing toward the center of the circle.

Answer 4

A car is turning on a sharp corner on a circular race track, what type of friction is the car experiencing and in what direction is the force of friction pointing?

Question 5

3 revolutions per sec.

Answer 5

approximatley 6 radians in one circle. something is rotating at 18 rad/s how many revolutions is this?

Question 6

4mL x 1.34g/mL=5.36g 5.36g/44g CO2=0.12moles of CO2

Answer 6

cm3=mLso when given a volume it can be multiplies by density to give mass, which can then be converted to moles using the information about the molecule on the periodic table. Exactley 4mL of CO2 gas are in a vessel. If the CO2 has a density of1.34g/cm3. How many moles are present?

Question 7

1. Coordinate covalent bond 2. one atom donates both electrons necissary to form the sigma bond 3. Transition metal with a high positive oxidation state and an atom containing a lone pair. 4. NH3

Answer 7

Coordination compounds aka? are unique how? What conditions are likely to result in the formation of such a compound? What is the most common example you will see?

Question 8

cardiac muscle:the signal to contract is passed efficiently through gap junctions, allowing the heart muscle cells to contract in tandem.

Answer 8

Gap junctions are particularly important in what type of muscle for what reason?

Question 9

There is a non polar liquid at the bottom of a polar liquid that is able to move up through the polar liquid. Within this non polar liquid one puts some proteins that can be separated based on relative polarity. The non polar proteins travel the farthest and thepolar proteins get hung up with the polar liquid and don’t migrate very far.

Answer 9

How does TLC (thin layer chromatography) work?

Question 10

Heat capacity is defined as the energy/change in temperature of a system. Specific heat is for a given substance only and is defined as the heat capacity per unit mass. Heat capacityC=q/deltaT Specific heat capacity c=q/m delta T or q=mc delta T The first is a capital C the second lower case c

Answer 10

How is heat capacity different from specific heat? What are the two equations respectivley? How do their units differ?

Question 11

1.32x10^23

Answer 11

How many Hydrogen atoms are in 2g of H2O?

Question 12

If the force =F and it’s reduced by a factor of 5 / (1/5) or 0.02 then the new net force is 0.08 which is the remaing force able to do work on the car.

Answer 12

If a car is being moved by a man at constant velocity and he pushes the car onto a patch of iceand as a result the coefficent of kinetic friction is reduced by a factor of 5, what is the new net force and how does it relate to friction?

Question 13

an element in the same family/group.

Answer 13

If asked for “another element” that will react “similarly” to a given element the right answer is almost always what?

Question 14

1) float 2) 1g/mL 3) F=Pgv(P=density not momentum)

Answer 14

If density is greater than 1 the object will: float, or not float? What is the density of water in g/mL? The equation for boyant force is?

Question 15

1/4 (question 9 intro math section)

Answer 15

If some variable goes down by a factor of 4 how can this be best represented in a fraction? i.e. It has decresed by what fraction?

Question 16

3/5and 5/3

Answer 16

If something decreeses by 40% which is 2/5 this is the same as multiplying by what? If comparing to some value inversley proportional to the first what would I multiply this value by?

Question 17

High ionization energy means the radius of the atom is small, and because smaller atoms are more electronegative this is why ionization energy follows electronegativity trends on the periodic table.

Answer 17

If something has a high ionization energy what can you say about it’s electronegativity and why?

Question 18

The equation is balanced.

Answer 18

If the term “intermediate” is written in a chemical equation what should you assume?

Question 19

fraction or factor.

Answer 19

If you can’t use the percentage of one variable to compare to another (regardless of whether they are directly or indirectly related) what do you use?

Question 20

Electrons are almost never shared equally in covalent bonds. The closer their electronegativites the more equal the sharing.

Answer 20

In covalent bonds how are electrons shared? To what degree are they shared (in general). Explain your choice and what it’s based on.

Question 21

cross product

Answer 21

In organic chemistry a miner product can also be called what?

Question 22

UV light, the more double bonds the farther the spectrum moves into the visible light spectrum such that some chemicals look red because they are absorbing all of the other visible light wavelengths except the longest.

Answer 22

In organic chemistry conjugation can be determined how? How do things change with the number of double bonds?

Question 23

Convection, Conduction, and Radiation.

Answer 23

In terms of heat flow what are three kinds of heat exchange?

Question 24

covalent=formal charge Ionic bonds BOTH atoms are charged.

Answer 24

In which bond type can one of the atoms involved bear a full positive or negative charge?

Question 25

KE,ME PE is conserved. It has h=0 on impact and directly after impact. Ask yourself: Does the object have height? What about two pendulums striking in an inelastic collison?KE=max at the bottom of the arch and PE=0.

Answer 25

Is PE conserved? Is it the same before and after? When thinking of the PE of an object in a collision compare the PE “on impact” and “directly after” the impact. A ball of clay falls from height h strikes the ground and sticks. Which quantities are NOT conserved? ME, PE, KE, or P

Question 26

made and metabolized

Answer 26

Lipids are _____ in the ER and _____ in the mitochodria

Question 27

They’re big, and they have low ionization energies

Answer 27

Metals behave the way they do for 2 primary reasons which are?

Question 28

Actin Myosin (myosin is able to generate force during muscle contraction, in thin filaments, by using the actin scaffold)

Answer 28

Microfilaments are made up of what? What protein will the MCAT have you think is associated with microfilaments?

Question 29

molarity, molarity changes with temperature. Molality does not.

Answer 29

Molality is the same as what at STP? Which changes with temperature?

Question 30

PV=nRT density and volume molarity and volume

Answer 30

Moles often are given in a trickey way in a particular question stem. list 3

Question 31

H2O

Answer 31

Most gases and all hydrocarbons are combustible. What is never combustible?

Question 32

180 degrees

Answer 32

Pie radians=

Question 33

The smallest force acting on a rope (tug o war)

Answer 33

Tension Forces can not be greater than what?

Question 34

contains more moles of gas. check to see if it’s a balanced equation.

Answer 34

The action that will increase the pressure in a reaction vessel is any disturbance that will push the equilibrium toward the side of the reaction that… Be careful! alway do what?

Question 35

Beta is more stable because all the OH are equitorial in the chair conformation. C1 alpha is axial.These are called anomers.

Answer 35

The C1 carbon in a carbohydrate is labeled alpha or beta depending on its orientation in relation to C5. Which is more stable and why? Also, what are these alpha and beta hydroxal groups called collectivley?

Question 36

Form a water tight barrier

Answer 36

Tight junctions do what that desmosomes do not?

Question 39

The reflected visible light

Answer 39

Transition metals have partially filed d orbitals that allow for electrons to absorb a lot of different wavelengths of light. If they absorb nearly all of the while light then what is the origin of the color seen by these transition metals when they’re dissolved in solution?

Question 40

saponification, where these fatty acids form micels and hold hydrophobic material inside them next to the hydrophobic tails and have their polar heads face out.

Answer 40

Trygycerides which have three fatty acid tails are involved in what process when they are used in cleaning? a) conjugation b) saponification c) hyperconjugation d) hydrogen bonding

Question 41

In solution chemistry elements with partially filled d orbitals can absorb nearly all of the visible light wavelengths, yet they reflect other wavelengths that can be seen in the visible light spectrum.

Answer 41

Typically light, color, phosphorescence etc, ocurrs when photons of light are emitted when an electron relaxes and moves into a lower energy state. What is another instance in which atoms or molecules can emit light?

Question 42

mass, it’s tempting because it often changes, but it doesn’t matter. F=kx. Use FORCE! m*a

Answer 42

Using Hooks law students are tempted to use a change in what? instead of a change in force when calculating using this equation? why is that a problem?

Question 43

The radius is decresed by a factor of 2, so r sqared is decresed by a factor of 4 and thus force is increased by the same (aka) 1/4.

Answer 43

Using the universal law of gravitation: If the radius is decreased by half how is force affected?

Question 44

Neurons have gap junctions called electrical synapes, gap junctions are in almost all tissue of the body except adultskeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. A genetic disorder would likely affect the skin because of their heavy dependence on them for communication involving differentiation and proliferation.

Answer 44

What are some examples of cells with gap junctions and cells without? If you had a genetic disorder associated with gap junctions what type of cells would be most effected?

Question 45

1) Sperm can’t swim (no flagella) fertilizing the egg is not possible. 2) The spindle apparatus can’t form so cell division wouldn’t be possible. 3) Centrioles (MTOC) would not be able to organize microtubles 4) The cytoskeleton of the cell would be weak or undable to support itself. 5) Because cilia contain them the respitory tract could not move bacteria containing mucus up the esophagus 6) The unfertilized egg in females would be unable to move down the fallopian tube. 7) Ependymal cells would be unable to circulate CSF

Answer 45

What are some potential effects of microtubles not being produced?

Question 46

That they are the only changing variables and the others are constant.

Answer 46

What assumption is made regarding the variables of interest in an equation where you want to manipulate these variables in order to see there relationship?

Question 47

High ionization energy. This in not only the energy necissary to eject electrons but to promote them to higher energy states.(is this true?) The latter is the case where phosphorecence is concerned because electrons must relax from a high energy state to emit light, they can’t do so by leaving the atom.

Answer 47

What characteristics would an element have that required a very high energy laser to induce phosphorecence?

Question 48

Self replicate detoxify chemicals participate in lipid metabolism (to a limited degree)

Answer 48

What do peroxisomes do? List 3 things

Question 49

The questions stem my say the reaction “evolves heat”. Slows it down in BOTH the forward and reverse reactions by decresing the number of collisions.

Answer 49

What is a way to express a reaction is exothermic other than providing a negative delta H? In this reaction a decrease in temperature does what to the reaction RATE?

Question 50

Addition and subtraction. The tricks for equation manipulation work only for multiplication and division.

Answer 50

What is an exception to the process of manipulating equations such that direct and indirect relationships can be readily known?

Question 51

Involves an electrochemical gradient: Antiport and Symport (very similar). Two species of ion are pumped in opposite directions across a membrane. One of these species is allowed to flow from high to low concentration which yields the entropic energy to drive the transport of the other solute from a low concentration region to a high one.

Answer 51

What is secondary transport?

Question 52

1) One parent: form of asexual reproduction 2) sexual male and female gametes in the same body 3) able to produce offspring alone

Answer 52

What is the difference between parthenogenesis, hermaphroditism, and asexual?

Question 53

The temperature at which a metal basically decomposes/explodes.

Answer 53

What is the flash point of a metal?

Question 54

6+ Oxygen is normally -2 and there are 4 of them in the sulfate ion for a total of -8. The overall charge on sulfate is -2 so this is only possible if sulfur had a 6+ oxidation state. [Don’t worry about the 3 after the parenthesis as this is telling you thatbecause the SO4 is -2*3= -6 so that each of the two Fe must be 3 to have a neutral charge].

Answer 54

What is the oxidation state of Fe2(III)(SO4)3 Iron (III) sulfate?

Question 55

It moves substances against a concentration gradient. In “going against the grain” this takes ENERGY.

Answer 55

What makes active transport active?

Question 56

3) essentially ALL ionic compounds are solids at room temp. There are covalent compound that can conduct electricity, ionic compound have strong bonds and high boiling points, and covalent bonds almost always have an electronegativity difference, unless bonded to themselves.

Answer 56

What provides the best evidence that an unknown compound is ionic? 1) conducts electricity 2)relativley low boiling point 3) solid at room temperature 4) There is a difference in electronegativity between the two elements.

Question 57

Facilitated diffusion: becasue molecules or ions simply pass through specific transmembrane integral proteins that “facilitate” the process because they span the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane.

Answer 57

What type of diffusion is spontaneous? Why is this so?

Question 58

small nonpolar molecules: larger molecules require transmembrane carrier proteins, and polar molecules use facilitated diffusion.

Answer 58

What type of molecules can diffuse easily across the membrane and why?

Question 59

Zero order reactant, or a reactant in excess.

Answer 59

What type of reactants are NOT in the rate law?

Question 60

g=Gm/r2andF=Gmm/r2

Answer 60

what’s the equation for the acceleration due to gravity and how is it different than the equation for the force of gravity?

Question 61

Kinetic energy Average force.

Answer 61

When all motion is in a strait line and no other forms of energy are involved, the work done is simply a change in what? Also, what is a give away phrase from the MCAT that lets you know you are dealing with either Work or Impulse?

Question 62

pay attention to words like halide vs halogen.

Answer 62

When asked to give the electron configuration pay attention to whether they’re asking for an atom or and ion

Question 63

They budd off the Golgi.

Answer 63

Where do lysosomes come from?

Question 64

AC (alternating current) cycles and can be represented by a sine wave, also a satellite (the linear speed of a planet appears to increase then decrease and the PE from any reference point would also osillate up and down.) More clarification would be nice on this one though.

Answer 64

Which of the following can be represented by a sine wave and why? AC, DC, orbit of a satellite, and the discharge of a capacitor.