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A-level Chemistry > O - Acids and bases > Flashcards

O - Acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Do acids accept or release protons?

A

Release

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2
Q

Do bases accept or release protons?

A

Accept

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3
Q

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

A

An alkali is a soluble base.

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4
Q

What are Bronsted-Lowry acids?

A

Proton donors

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5
Q

What do Bronsted-Lowry acids do?

A

Release hydrogen ions when they’re mixed with water.

They always combine with H2O to form hydroxonium ions, H3O^+.

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6
Q

What are Bronsted-Lowry bases?

A

Proton acceptors.

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7
Q

What do Bronsted-Lowry bases do?

A

When they’re in solutions, they grab hydrogen ions from water molecules.

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8
Q

How do strong acids behave in water?

A

They dissociate (ionise) almost completely - nearly all the H+ ions will be released.

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9
Q

Give an example of a strong acid

A

HCl

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10
Q

How do strong bases behave in water?

A

They ionise almost completely in water.

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11
Q

Give an example of a strong base

A

NaOH

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12
Q

Are the reactions between strong acids/bases and water reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible.

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13
Q

Where does the equilibrium lie when strong acids/bases dissociate?

A

Extremely far to the right.

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14
Q

How do weak acids behave in water?

A

They dissociate only very slightly in water so only small numbers of H+ ions are formed.

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15
Q

Give examples of weak acids

A

Citric acid

Ethanoic acid

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16
Q

Are the reactions between weak acids and water reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible.

17
Q

Where is an equilibrium set up when weak acids react with (dissociate in) water?

A

Lies well over to the left.

18
Q

What are transferred when acids and bases react?

A

Protons

19
Q

What does water act as when an acid is added to water?

A

Water acts as a base and accepts the proton.

20
Q

Where does the equilibrium lie when weak acids react with water?

A

Far to the left.

21
Q

Where does the equilibrium lie when strong acids react with water?

A

Far to the right.

22
Q

What do acids and bases form?

A

Conjugate pairs.

23
Q

What is a conjugate pair?

A

A conjugate pair is an acid-base pair that differs by one proton in their formulas.

A conjugate pair is always one acid and one base.

A-level Chemistry (51 decks)

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