O - Acids and bases Flashcards
Do acids accept or release protons?
Release
Do bases accept or release protons?
Accept
What is the difference between an alkali and a base?
An alkali is a soluble base.
What are Bronsted-Lowry acids?
Proton donors
What do Bronsted-Lowry acids do?
Release hydrogen ions when they’re mixed with water.
They always combine with H2O to form hydroxonium ions, H3O^+.
What are Bronsted-Lowry bases?
Proton acceptors.
What do Bronsted-Lowry bases do?
When they’re in solutions, they grab hydrogen ions from water molecules.
How do strong acids behave in water?
They dissociate (ionise) almost completely - nearly all the H+ ions will be released.
Give an example of a strong acid
HCl
How do strong bases behave in water?
They ionise almost completely in water.
Give an example of a strong base
NaOH
Are the reactions between strong acids/bases and water reversible or irreversible?
Reversible.
Where does the equilibrium lie when strong acids/bases dissociate?
Extremely far to the right.
How do weak acids behave in water?
They dissociate only very slightly in water so only small numbers of H+ ions are formed.
Give examples of weak acids
Citric acid
Ethanoic acid
Are the reactions between weak acids and water reversible or irreversible?
Reversible.
Where is an equilibrium set up when weak acids react with (dissociate in) water?
Lies well over to the left.
What are transferred when acids and bases react?
Protons
What does water act as when an acid is added to water?
Water acts as a base and accepts the proton.
Where does the equilibrium lie when weak acids react with water?
Far to the left.
Where does the equilibrium lie when strong acids react with water?
Far to the right.
What do acids and bases form?
Conjugate pairs.
What is a conjugate pair?
A conjugate pair is an acid-base pair that differs by one proton in their formulas.
A conjugate pair is always one acid and one base.
