Nutritional Needs through Life Flashcards
What does DNA synthesis and transfer of methyl groups depend on in sperm?
Folate
Do male and female nutrition affect fertility?
Yes
What kinds of things of a woman’s nutrition can impact early infant health?
Healthy body weight, balanced diet, physical activity, regular medical care, management of chronic conditions, avoidance of harmful substances
What is a critical period?
Time of rapid cell division and intense development
What happens if there is damage during a critical period?
Full recovery is not possible
Which critical period is extremely important but can occur before the woman knows she pregnant?
Neural tube development (17-30 days gestation)
What is the effect of folate on the developing neural tube?
The closure of the neural tube is effected
What else is folate known as?
Folic acid or Vitamin B9
How can maternal malnutrition alter fetal blood pressure?
Can stunt fetal blood vessel growth in a way that becomes a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What risks in giving birth are associated with underweight mothers?
Low weight birth infant, preterm birth, infant death
What risks in giving birth are associated with overweight mothers?
Hypertension, gestational diabetes, labor and delivery complications in the mother
High weight birth infant, post-term birth, birth trauma, birth defects, poor infant health, infant death
What is the normal weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy and then how much should be gained every week after?
3.5 lbs in first term
1 lb a week after that
What can you eat to make a baby smart?
Omega 3s (DHA)
In the first half of pregnancy, what is the metabolic activity like?
Anabolic, building the capacity of the mother to deliver large quantities of nutrients to fetus
In the second half of pregnancy, what is the metabolic activity like?
Catabolic, delivering energy and nutrients to the fetus predominates
What are the nutrient recommendations for the preggers?
Folate, Iron (b/c of inc blood volume) and Calcium (for bone and tooth development)
Vit B12, vit C, vit D, Zinc (DNA synth)
What to vegan preggers need more of?
B12
What does it mean when a pregnant lady has “cravings”?
Likely due to hormonal changes to taste and smell NOT physiological needs
What is Pica?
A pattern of eating non-foods such as dirt or paper
What is a reason a preggers might have Pica?
Iron or zinc deficiency
What are some lifestyle risk factors?
Alcohol, smoking, drugs and caffeine
How many extra calories do women in for adequate milk supply?
500 C
By month 5, how large should baby be?
Twice the birth-weight
By a year, how big should baby be?
Three times the birth-weight
How many cal/kg should an infant have vs an adult?
100 cal/kg for baby body weight
40 cal/kg for adult body weight
Who needs more fat in their diet? Baby or adult?
Baby
When should baby be introduced to solid food?
4 - 6 months
What are the way to live a long, healthy life?
Eating well balanced meal, not smoking, engaging in physical activity regularly, using alcohol in moderation, maintaining a healthy body weight, sleeping regularly and adequately
Which lifestyle balance has the greatest influence on age?
Physical activity
How do free radicals “cause” aging?
Because they have unpaired electrons they are unstable and reactive, so they attack and damage intracellular macromolecules
How do antioxidants help use “age slower”?
They are stable enough to donate an electron to free radicals to neutralize them, causing less damage
