Nutritional Imbalances in Companion Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Why is obesity a problem in companion animals?

A
  • risk factor for various diseases

- exacerbates existing conditions (orthopaedic, brachycephalic, urethral obstruction, CNS, metabolic)

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2
Q

What is obesity generally defined as quntittively?

A

~20-25% above ideal BW (in people)

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3
Q

Are critical BMIs known in animals?

A

No not like humans

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4
Q

What are the clinical implications of obestiy?

A
  • anaesthetic risk (monitoring and airway problems mainly)

- complicates Tx of diseases

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5
Q

Give 3 diseases associated with obestiy in cats

A
  1. Hepatic lipidosis (due to anorexia)
  2. DM
  3. urethral obstruction
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6
Q

Give 2 disorders associated with obesity in dogs

A
  1. Pancreatitis

2. DODs (osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia)

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7
Q

Give 3 broad categories of disease worseneed by obesity

A

> repiratory
- ^ upper ariway resisntace, v functional residual lung capactiy (FRC)
neuro
- physiotherapy more difficult
orthopaedic
- stress on arthritic joints, v mobbility, ^ post-op complications eg. ligament rupture

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8
Q

Do most clients recognise their pets as obese?

A

No - 40% do NOT (apparently)

> claiming ignorance so they dont feel guilty??

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9
Q

Give 6 contirbuting factors to obesity

A
  1. 1* underlying cause
  2. Excessive intake
  3. lack of excercise
  4. Metablic status (eg. neutered) always talk to client about change of feeding regime post-op!
  5. Genetics
  6. Life style
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10
Q

What defines an “active pet” according to feed companies?

A

> 20hrs week excercise

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11
Q

How does aging affect weight gain?

A
  • energy requirement proportional to lean body mass, which v with age
  • if diet not adjusted accordingly -> weight gain
  • senior diets = ^ quality protein, v calories
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12
Q

What assessment of obesity should be implemented more often?

A

BCS

  • should be incorporated into every PE
  • teach to owners so know what to look out for
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13
Q

What are the pros and cons of weight loss clinics?

A

Pros - multiple visits, builds client bond, motivation for weight loss when in a group
Cons - vets should get more involved with it

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14
Q

Give 5 tips for designing a successful weight loss programme

A
  1. meal fed rather than ad lilb
  2. measure meals
  3. diet history from WHOLE FMAILY
  4. logbook for a week
  5. add extra excercise (cannot calculate calories so just ^)
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15
Q

How can resting energy requrements be calculated?

A
70(BW)^0.75 
or 30(BW) + 70
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16
Q

Are long term or short term goals better for weight loss?

A

long eg. 8kg in 2 years

17
Q

When should resting energy requirements (RER) and maintainence energy requirments (MER) be fed?

A

Resting for weight loss, maintainence for a non-overweight animal

18
Q

When should weight loss programmes not be started?

A

when animal is sick

19
Q

Why are prescription weight loss diets good?

A
  • feed bulk so animal feels full

- feeding less of normal diet may -> deficiency in other nutirents

20
Q

What target weight loss rate should be aimed for?

A

1%-2% BW per week (eg. 20kg dog <0.4kg/week)

- reassess at 2 week intervals

21
Q

How may weight loss diets be formulated?

A
  • ^ firbre
  • v fat
  • recently ^ protein (little evidence for this?? supposedly natural but lifestyle changed more than diet!)
22
Q

Why may high protein diets not be good?

A
  • very palatable -> weight gain

- liver, kidneys may be affected by ^ protein

23
Q

How should excercise regimes be forumated?

A

Based on CURRENT excercise

24
Q

How may cats be excercised?

A
  • 10 mins intense play

- hide meals in strenuous activity toys

25
Q

Which nutritional imbalances are also seen in companion aniamls?

A

> Ca, Ph, Vit D (esp growing animals)

  • Nutritional 2* hyperparathyrodism occours with Ca deficient / excessive Ph diets [esp raw meat diets] -> ^PTH chronically
  • Clinical signs = severe osteopenia (rubberjaw) hypocalcaemia -> Fx, mm fasiculation, seizures