Non-Food Zoonoses - Farm Flashcards

1
Q

What proportion of emerging infectious disease is zoonotic?

A

75%

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2
Q

Define endemic zoonosis and give egs.

A

Zooonotic disease constantly present in a population

  • anthrax
  • brucellosis
  • bovine TB
  • cystercercosis and neurosticercosis
  • hydatid diseas
  • rabies
  • human african trypanosomyasis
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3
Q

What is the proportion of zoonotic pathogens in humans?

A

60%

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4
Q

Give examples of feaco-oral transmission pathogens

A
  • salmonella
  • campylobacter
  • E coli
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Giardia
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5
Q

Define notifiable and reportable disease and give examples

A

> Notifiable: statutory requirement to report suspicion of a clinical case of disease eg. brucella, bovine TB, avian influenza
Reportable: report to the lab which isolated the organism from an animal derived sample eg. salmonella, brucella

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6
Q

When was the zoonoses directive passed?

A

2003

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7
Q

Which regulations define reporting of zoonotic infections in humans?

A

Health protection regulations 2010

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8
Q

What is RIDDOR?

A

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occourences regulations 2013
> occupational zoonosis of farm animals and vet practicies

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9
Q

Give examples of occupational zoonosis which is non-notifiable?

A
  • resistnat bacteria (AMR)
  • Leptospirosis
  • Louping ill
  • Newcastle disease
  • orf (parapoxvirus)
  • toxoplasma gondii
  • trychophytum spp (ringworm)
  • salmonella
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10
Q

What are the main sources of resistance?

A

Environment, production animals, humans, vets, wildlife, smallies, hospitls, meat, eggs, milk

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11
Q

Which bacteria is most responisble for the majority of resistnece?

A

Gram negatives

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12
Q

What is orf and how may it be identified?

A
  • highly infectious viral infection
  • seen most commonly after lambing
  • scabby lesions, resolve within a couple of weeks
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13
Q

What is ringworm and how may it be identified?

A
  • fungal infection

- itchy, raised patches with sharp edges

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14
Q

Define risk

A
  • proobablity of occourence and consequences
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15
Q

When risk analysing disease transmission, does infection = disease?

A

No

- occourence of pathogen in animals only (part of transmission pathways)

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16
Q

What are the objectives of risk analysis?

A

set priorities and select appropriate prevention stategies

17
Q

What are the 3 elements of risk analysis?

A
  • Risk assessmnet, risk management and risk comunication
18
Q

What year were the COSHH regulations implimented and what do they consist of?

A

2002

  • assess risks to health due to hazardous substances
  • prevent or adequately control exposure
  • introduce and maintain control meaures
  • reveiw risk assessment and effectiveness of control measures
19
Q

Give 2 examples of zoonotic disease outbreak

A
  1. E Coli on Godstone farm 2009 (hygeine?)
  2. Q fever in the Netherlands 2009 due to poor management of disposal of abortion materials and manure
    - > testing and culling, mandatory vax, hygeine protocols, breeeding ban until July 2010