Nutritional Disorders

Question 1

Nutritional Disorders:

Answer 1

• Marasmus
• Kwashiorkor
• Pellagra
• Scurvy
• Zinc Deficiency

Question 2

Marasmus:

Answer 2

• Total Calorie Starvation
• Diminished height/weight
• Large head with staring eyes
• Xeroderma: extremely dry skin
• Thin sparse easily pluckable hair

Question 3

Kwashiorkor:

Answer 3

• Normal Caloric Intake
• Protein Deficiency
• Low serum protein, edema, growth failure, diarrhea, fatty infiltration of liver
• Flag Sign of hair

Question 4

Pellagra:

Answer 4

• Niacin B3 Deficiency
• 4 D’s: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death (1/3 skin findings only)
• May be due to Tryptophan deficiency -> Precursor to Niacin
• Skin scales where exposed to skin
• Casal’s Necklace on Chest

Question 5

Scurvy:

Answer 5

• Vitamin C deficiency
• Impaired collagen synthesis
• Corkscrew hairs
• Perifollicular hemorrhage
• Gingival hypertrophy with bleeding gums

Question 6

Zinc Deficiency:

Answer 6

• Acquire or inherited
• Inherited -> Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
• Periorificial, intertriginous and acral distribution of eczematous lesion

Question 7

Zinc Deficiency Diagnostic Pearls:

Answer 7

• Measure Serum Zinc
• Alkaline phosphatase will be low -> Zinc Dependent
• Albumin low
• Resistant Intertrigo