Nutritional Diseases

Question 0

What are the two protein compartments?

Answer 0

Somatic and visceral

Question 1

What are the caloric requirements for sedentary women and older adults?

Answer 1

1600 Calories

Question 2

marasmus (n.)

Answer 2

protein malnutrition that affects the somatic compartment

Question 3

What are the symptoms of marasmus?

Answer 3

Weight less than 60% normal; slightly decreased serum albumin; emaciated extremities; anemia and vitamin deficiencies

Question 4

What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?

Answer 4

Marked hypoalbuminemia; weight typically 60-80% normal; edema; relative sparing of muscles and fat, may be masked by edema;

Question 5

cachexia (n.)

Answer 5

malnutrition due to advanced chronic disease

Question 6

What vitamin deficiency causes squamous metaplasia?

Answer 6

Vitamin A

Question 7

What vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri?

Answer 7

Thiamine (B1) deficiency

Question 8

What does a vitamins B12 deficiency cause?

Answer 8

Pernicious anemia

Question 9

What does a vitamin C deficiency cause?

Answer 9

Scurvy

Question 10

pernicious anemia (n.)

Answer 10

impaired DNA synthesis of RBCs

Question 11

What does a vitamin D deficiency cause?

Answer 11

Rickets in children; osteomalacia in adults

Question 12

What does an iodine deficiency cause?

Answer 12

Goiter

Question 13

What can a zinc deficiency cause?

Answer 13

Growth retardation, atrophy of the gonads, immune dysfunction

Question 14

What type of cells produces leptin?

Answer 14

Adipocytes

Question 15

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 15

(Weight in kg) / (height in meters)^2

Question 16

What is the BMI level for obesity?

Answer 16

BMI = 30+

Question 17

What is the worst form of obesity?

Answer 17

Central or truncal obesity

Question 18

kwashiorkor (n.)

Answer 18

marked protein deprivation of the visceral compartment

Question 19

What are the symptoms of beri-beri?

Answer 19

Nerves malfunctions, leading to encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and heart failure

Question 20

What is the precursor to vitamin A?

Answer 20

Beta-carotene

Question 21

How does scurvy present?

Answer 21

Abnormal collagen formation leads to tooth loss, gingivitis, poor wound healing, and arrested skeletal development

Question 22

What is the caloric requirement for most children, teen girls, active women, and sedentary men?

Answer 22

2200 Cal/day

Question 23

What is the caloric requirement for teen boys, active men, and very active women?

Answer 23

2800 Cal/day

Question 24

When do adipocytes produce leptin?

Answer 24

When there is adequate fat stores

Question 25

Where does leptin act in the brain?

Answer 25

Acts on hypothalamus to decrease desire for food

Question 26

What are the symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 26

Significant weight loss, intense fear of weight gain, continuing to diet although thin, exercising compulsively, preferring to diet in isolation, cooking for others, depression, anxiety, constipation

Question 27

What are the medical consequences of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 27

Shrunken organs, bone mineral loss, lower body temp and BP, slowed metabolism and reflexes, irregular heartbeat. Can lead to osteoporosis and cardiac arrest

Question 28

What causes amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa?

Answer 28

Decreased secretion of GnRH