Nutritional Diseases Flashcards
What are the two protein compartments?
Somatic and visceral
What are the caloric requirements for sedentary women and older adults?
1600 Calories
marasmus (n.)
protein malnutrition that affects the somatic compartment
What are the symptoms of marasmus?
Weight less than 60% normal; slightly decreased serum albumin; emaciated extremities; anemia and vitamin deficiencies
What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?
Marked hypoalbuminemia; weight typically 60-80% normal; edema; relative sparing of muscles and fat, may be masked by edema;
cachexia (n.)
malnutrition due to advanced chronic disease
What vitamin deficiency causes squamous metaplasia?
Vitamin A
What vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri?
Thiamine (B1) deficiency
What does a vitamins B12 deficiency cause?
Pernicious anemia
What does a vitamin C deficiency cause?
Scurvy
pernicious anemia (n.)
impaired DNA synthesis of RBCs
What does a vitamin D deficiency cause?
Rickets in children; osteomalacia in adults
What does an iodine deficiency cause?
Goiter
What can a zinc deficiency cause?
Growth retardation, atrophy of the gonads, immune dysfunction
What type of cells produces leptin?
Adipocytes
How is BMI calculated?
(Weight in kg) / (height in meters)^2
What is the BMI level for obesity?
BMI = 30+
What is the worst form of obesity?
Central or truncal obesity
kwashiorkor (n.)
marked protein deprivation of the visceral compartment
What are the symptoms of beri-beri?
Nerves malfunctions, leading to encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and heart failure
What is the precursor to vitamin A?
Beta-carotene
How does scurvy present?
Abnormal collagen formation leads to tooth loss, gingivitis, poor wound healing, and arrested skeletal development
What is the caloric requirement for most children, teen girls, active women, and sedentary men?
2200 Cal/day
What is the caloric requirement for teen boys, active men, and very active women?
2800 Cal/day
