Neoplasia Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
Tumor mass
What is neoplasia?
Abnormal tissue mass with a loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls
What defines a benign lesion?
Relatively innocent; will remain localized and not spread; usually amenable to surgery; resemble parent tissue around it; will not usually penetrate the tissues around it
How do benign tumors cause damage?
Compression of normal tissue
metastasize (n.)
the spread of a neoplasm to a distant size where it will be locally invasive
How do metastases travel?
By the lymphatic system, through blood, and “seeding” within body cavities
Which two organs are the most frequent locations of metastases?
The lungs and the liver
oncology (n.)
the study, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors
What shape (generally) are metastases?
Circular/spherical
What does the suffix “-oma” mean?
Benign tumor
adenoma (n.)
benign tumor arising from glands or demonstrating glandular characteristics
What does the suffix “-carcinoma” mean?
Malignant tumor of epithelial origin
What does the suffix “-sarcoma” imply?
Malignant tumor of the mesenchyme
What does the suffix “-lymphoma” imply?
Solid tumors arising from lymphoid tissue
What type of malignant tumor is most common?
Carcinoma
What is mesenchymal tissue?
Connective tissue, muscle, bone, and cartilage
leukemia (n.)
malignant cancer of hematopoietic stem cells - not a tumor
What is anaplasia?
Poorly differentiated cancer tissue; hallmark of malignancy
rhabdomyosarcoma (n.)
malignant muscle cell cancer (commonly referred to as RMS)
myxoid tumor (n.)
connective tissue tumor with a “myxoid” background, consisting of a clear, mucoid substance
What kinds of cancer do not metastasize?
Basal cell carcinomas of the skin and most CNS cancers
What is the formula for tumor growth fraction (GF)?
of dividing cells / # of cells in the tissue
What is the GF for a slow growing tumor?
10%
What is the GF for a rapidly growing tumor?
20-30%
