Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2021: Therapeutics III > Nutrition (Walroth) > Flashcards

Nutrition (Walroth) Flashcards

1
Q

IBW formula

A
  • Male: 50 + (2.3 x inches over 60)
  • Female: 45.5 + (2.3 x inches over 60)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When should you use NBW over actual body weight?

A

If actual body weight is 130%+ IBW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NBW formula

A

IBW + 0.25 (weight - IBW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal rannge for transthyretin (prealbumin)?

A

15-40 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How often should prealbumin be checked?

A

Biweekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which malnutrition classification occurs due to decreased total intake and/or utilization of food?

A

Marasmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which malnutrition classification is the result of adequate caloric intake, but relative protein malnutrition?

A

Kwashiorkor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which malnutrition calculation has evident muscle wasting?

A

Marasmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some non-urinry sources of nitrogen loss?

A
  • sweat
  • feces
  • respirations
  • GI fistula
  • wound drainage
  • skin exfoliation
  • burns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the goal nitrogen balance?

A

+3 - +5 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

N2 balance formula

A

N2 in - N2 out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you calculate N2 in?

A

24-hr protein intake (g) / 6.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you calculate N2 out?

A

24-hr UUN (g) + 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TEE formula

A

REE x 1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the goal RQ?

A

0.85-0.95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How often should you monitor RQ?

A

once weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What range should be used to calculate total daily calories?

A

25-30 kcal/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the protein range for mild-moderate stress (floor) patients?

A

1-1.5 g/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the protein range for moderate-severe stress (ICU, trauma, surgery, burn) patients?

A

1.5-2 g/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In what situations may a patient’s protein “tolerance” be decreased?

A

renal and hepatic failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the standard NPC distribution?

A

70% dextrose/30% fat

22
Q

In what scenario may a patient require 100/0 NPC distribution?

A

sepsis or bloodstream infections

23
Q

List some indications for parenteral nutrition.

A
  • anticipated NPO > 7 days
  • inability to absorb nutrients via the gut (small bowel/colonic ileus, SMB, malabsorptive status, intractable V/D)
  • enterocutaneous fistulas
  • IBD
  • hyperemesis gravidarum
  • bone marrow transplant (mucositis)
24
Q

What should final destrose concentration be restricted to in peripheral PN?

A

5-10%

25
Q

What should total osmolarity be restricted to for peripheral PN?

A

< 900 mOsm/L

26
Q

What are some advantages of using central PN?

A
  • can give hypertonic solutions (dextrose and amino acid solutions)
  • can give more calories
27
Q

What are some disadvantages of using central PN?

A
  • infection risk
  • invasive-ish procedure
  • pneumothorax
  • air embolus
  • thrombus
28
Q

Where are the accepted CVC insertion sites?

A
  • subclavian (SC)
  • internal jugular (IJ)
  • femoral
29
Q

How will central venous access be inserted if short-term?

A

percutaneously

30
Q

How will central venous access be inserted if long-term?

A
  • PICC
  • tunneled
  • implanted port
31
Q

How many kcal per gram of protein?

A

4 kcal

32
Q

How many kcal per gram of carbohydrates (dextrose)?

A

3.4 kcal

33
Q

What is the maximum carbohydrate utilization for PN?

A

4-5 mg/kg/min

34
Q

When should you give a Clinimix WITHOUT electrolytes?

A

CrCl < 50

35
Q

What is the general guidance for starting PN?

A

start at 25% and achieve final rate within 24 hours

36
Q

What measurement should you be sure to check before each rate increse when titrating PN?

A

blood glucose

37
Q

What amount of injectible MVI is appropriate to add to PN?

A

10 mL/day

38
Q

What complications can arise from PN?

A
  • mechanical (line clotting, displacement)
  • infection
  • metabolic issues (electrolyte imbalance, fluid imbalance, glycemic issues, liver function abnormalities)
39
Q

How often should we do indirect calorimetry monitoring for PN?

A

weekly

40
Q

What three electrolytes are low with Refeeding Syndrome?

A
  • phosphates
  • magnesium
  • potassium
41
Q

What are some indications for EN?

A

inadequate/contraindicated PO consumption

42
Q

When would EN be contraindicated?

A
  • mechanical obstruction (hernia, tumors, adhesions, scar tissue)
  • non-mechanical obstruction (ileus)
  • intractable vomiting
  • severe malabsorption
  • severe GI hemorrhage
  • high output/proximal small bowel fistulas
43
Q

What EN route is preferred if a patient has high risk of aspiration?

A

jejunal

44
Q

What route of access is preferred for long-term EN?

A

PEG or PEJ

45
Q

Continuous infusion EN is the preferred method when feeding into what part of the colon?

A

jejunum

46
Q

What GI complications can arise from EN?

A
  • high gastric residuals
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
  • N/V
  • abdominal distention
  • aspiration
47
Q

What metabolic complications can arise from EN?

A
  • hyper- or hypoglycemia
  • over- or dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalance
48
Q

What mechanical complications can arise from EN?

A
  • tube clogging
  • tube malposition
  • rhinitis
  • sinusitis
49
Q

True or false: drugs can be administered together with EN.

A

false; administer separately, with at least 5 ml water between each medication

50
Q

What type of drug should be diluted in at least 30 ml of water before administering?

A

hypertonic or irritating to gastric mucosa (i.e. KCl)

Fall 2021: Therapeutics III (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions