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GI > Nutrition through the lifespan > Flashcards

Nutrition through the lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

kcal/kg for a normal body weight pregnant woman

A

30 kcal/kg

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2
Q

kcal/kg for a >120% IBW pregnant woman

A

24 kcal/kg

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3
Q

kcal/kg for a <90% IBW pregnant woman

A

36-40 kcal/kg

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4
Q

Micronutrients required during pregnancy

A

Iron
Folic Acid
Calcium

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5
Q

How much weight should a pregnant women gain with a BMI of <18.5?

A

28-40 lbs

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6
Q

How much weight should a pregnant women gain with a BMI of 18.5-24.9?

A

25-35 lbs

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7
Q

How much weight should a pregnant women gain with a BMI of 25-29.9?

A

15-25 lbs

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8
Q

How much weight should a pregnant women gain with a BMI of >30?

A

15 lbs

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9
Q

What are some problems that might be encountered with pregnancy related to overweight/obesity?

A

Gestational diabetes
Macrosomia
Eclampsia

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10
Q

What are some dietary precautions to be aware of?

A

Cravings - pica
Fish consumption - d/t mercury
Listeriosis - limit deli meats, raw fish
Specific disease states - PKU, renal disease, diabetes

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11
Q

Some benefits of breastfeeding

A 
Better for baby's immune system 
Better digested
Linked to decreased risk of ovarian and breast cancer
Less expensive
Improves mother/child bonding
Burns calories for the mother
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12
Q

What are some additional micronutrients that are needed in pregnancy?

A

Calcium: additional 1000 mg/day

Folic acid: 500 mcg/day

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13
Q

What growth chart do you use for premature infants?

A

Fenton 2003 until 40 weeks gestation

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14
Q

What growth chart do you use for birth - 24 months?

A

WHO growth charts (all the way through the 24th month)

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15
Q

What growth chart do you use for 2-20 years?

A

CDC growth chart
Overweight = 85-95% BMI for age
Obese = >95% BMI for age

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16
Q

What growth charge do you use for cerebral palsy?

A

Brooks growth chart

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17
Q

What are some micronutrient needs in infancy?

A

Vitamin K
Iron
Vitamin D

18
Q

When should you start supplementing iron and vit D in breastfed infants?

A

Iron – by 6 months of age

Vit D – shortly after birth

19
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Protein energy malnutrition that leads to edema that masks muscle wasting

20
Q

What is marasmus?

A

Protein energy malnutrition that presents as a wasted appearance and diminished subcutaneous fat stores
Caused by overall lack of adequate energy intake

21
Q

How can an infant get dental caries?

A

Through the use of a bottle or sip cup while sleeping or ad lib intake while awake with liquids other than water

22
Q

When do you start doing flouride supplementation if water supply has an inadequate amount?

A

After 6 months of age

23
Q

What is the difference between GER and GERD?

A

GER is common in newborns and usually resolves with lower volume/more frequent feedings, position changes, and maturation of the infants GI tract; painless and does not affect the infants growth

GERD is reflux accompanied by symptoms and complications –> inadequate growth

24
Q

When do you introduce an infant’s first foods?

A

Around 6 months of age

25
Q

What type of mile should an infant drink and at what age?

A

At 12 months of age the can begin to drink whole milk

26
Q

How does breast fed poop differ from formula fed poop?

A

Breastfed: 3-4 soft, medium sized, yellow stools per day

Formula fed: firmer, less frequent, tan-colored

27
Q

During infancy into adolescence what is the breakdown of macronutrients that you need?

A

Carbohydrates: 50-60% of total intake
Protein: 10-15% of total
Fat: 25-30% of total

28
Q

What does fiber do?

A

Prevents constipation, protects against heart disease

29
Q

How much fiber should an infant-adolescent eat?

A

Ages 6-12 months: gradually increase to 5g per day

Children older than 2 years of age – child’s age + 5g/day

30
Q

How much vitamin D do infants-adolescents need?

A

400 IU/day starting with the first day of life

31
Q

What benefits does vit D provide?

A

Bone health, prevention of cancer, autoimmune and infectious disease

32
Q

What are some risks of iron deficiency?

A

Poorer cognitive performance

Delayed psychomotor development

33
Q

Who is at risk of getting iron deficiency?

A

High milk volume
Poor intake of solids
Dieting

34
Q

What is a serving size for a toddler?

A

Offer 1 tablespoon of each food for every year of age for preschool children
**Watch for choking hazards under the age of 4

35
Q

How much juice should a toddler drink?

A

less than 4 oz per day

36
Q

What are some things to monitor in restrictive vegetarian diets in teens?

A

Intake of vit B12, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, iron, riboflavin

37
Q

What is the difference between anorexia and bulimia nervosa?

A

Anorexia: voluntarily-restricted caloric intake

Bulimia nervosa: binge eating + compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain

38
Q

Medical complications of anorexia

A 
Amenorrhea
Bradycardia
Abnormal EKG
Fatigue 
Dizziness
Hypercholesterolemia
39
Q

Medical complications of bulimia

A

Constipation and laxative dependency, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities
Esophagitis, reflux, gatritis

40
Q

How much water should an athlete drink?

A

16 oz water needed for each pound of weight lost

*Sports drinks not needed for workouts less than 60 minutes

GI (34 decks)

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