Nutrition T4

Question 1

Basic Nutrients the body needs

Answer 1

Carbohydrates 
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals 
Water

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Provide most of the body’s energy and fiber

1g= 4Kcal

Question 3

Sources of carbs

Answer 3

Whole grain bread
Baked potato
Brown rice
Other plant foods

Question 4

Fats

Answer 4

Provide energy and vitamins
35% or less of diet should be fat
1g= 9kcal

Question 5

Sources of fat

Answer 5

Olive oil
Salmon (fish)
Egg yolks

Question 6

Protein

Answer 6

Assists with growth, maintenance, and relain of body tissue

1g=4Kcal

Question 7

Sources of complete protein

Answer 7

Beef
Whole milk
Poultry

Question 8

Source of incomplete protein

Answer 8

Most plant foods

• beans
• grains
• nuts
• veggies

Question 9

Vitamins

Answer 9

Necessary for metabolism
Two types
-fat soluble
-water soluble

Question 10

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 10

Vitamin C

Vitamin B complex

Question 11

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 11

A
D
E
K

Question 12

Minerals

Answer 12

Complete essential biochemical reactions in the body

Question 13

Types of minerals

Answer 13

Calcium
Potassium
Iron
Sodium

Question 14

Water

Answer 14

Critical for cell function

Replaces fluids in the body that are lost through sweat, elimination , and respiration

Question 15

How much water should you drink a day

Answer 15

6-8, 8oz glasss

Question 16

What percent of the body is water

Answer 16

60%

Question 17

Factors that affect nutrition

Answer 17

Religion
Financial issues
Appetite
Negative experiences 
Environmental factors
Disease/ illness
Medication
Age

Question 18

Eating disorders

Answer 18

Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-eating disorder

Question 19

Anorexia

Answer 19

• Fear of being fat
• Significantly low body weight for gender, age, development, and physical health
• Self-perception of being fat
• Consistent restriction of food intake
• Actions to prevent weight gain

Question 20

Bulimia

Answer 20

• cycle of binge eating followed by purging
• May use laxatives, fasting, or extreme exercise
• lack of control during binge
• at least one cycle of binge and purge per week for at least 3 months

Question 21

Binge-eating Disorder

Answer 21

• loss of control during binge followed by remorse
• does not use compensatory behaviors (purging)
• episodes range from one to multiple times a week
• results in overweight or obesity

Question 22

Obesity

Answer 22

Class 1: BMI 30-34.9
Class 2: BMI 35-39.9
Class 3: BMI 40 and up

Question 23

Nutrition Data to collect

Answer 23

• number of meals
• fluid intake
• food preference
• food access
• heart burn, indigestion
• allergies
• chewing and swallowing
• medications
• activity
• religions restrictions

Question 24

What to measure in exam

Answer 24

• height, weight, BMI, ideal body weight
• skin folds
• lab values

Question 25

Lab values to measure

Answer 25

``` Cholesterol Triglyceride Hemoglobin Electrolytes Albumin Prealbumin Transferrin Lymphocyte count Nitrogen balance ```

Question 26

Finding of poor nutrition

Answer 26

- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation - Flaccid muscles - mental status change - change in bowel - dry skin - dry hair - dry eyes - poor dental health - enlarged thyroid - protrusion of bony prominence - weakness or fatigue

Question 27

To prevent aspiration you should

Answer 27

- put client in Fowler’s before eating and 1hr after - tuck chin when swallowing - no straws - observe for pocketing or food (chipmunk cheeks) - observe for dysphagia (cough, choking, gagging) - perform oral hygiene