Mobility/ Immobility and Physical Activity T4 Flashcards
Types of immobility
Temporary
Permanent
Sudden onset
Slow onset
Temporary immobility
Follows a procedure or injury
Ex
-knee arthroplasty
Permanent immobility
Not being able to transfer or ambulated alone
Ex
-paraplegic
Sudden onset immobility
Caused by an injury or trauma
- fracture
- broke bone
- muscle or ligament tear
Slow oneself immobility
Caused by disease or illness that causes decreased or no mobility
Ex
-multiple sclerosis
Body mechanics
Involves
- coordination of musculoskeletal and nervous system
- use of alignment
- use of balance
- use of gravity
- use of friction
Factors that affect mobility
Alterations in muscles Injury to musculoskeletal Poor posture Impaired CNS Health status Age
Assistive devices
Can
Crutches
Walker
Walker
Move walker first
Step with affected leg first
Types of walkers
Standard (no wheels)
-person must pick up walker to move
Rolling walker (with wheels)
-person may slide walker to move
Cane
Maintain 2 points of contact Hold cane on strong side Hold at hip height Directions to move: -move cane 15-25cm or 6-10in first -move affected leg to even with cane
Types of canes
Single leg Quad peg (offers more stability)
How do you hold crutches
Crutches should no be shoved in armpit
-elbows should be flexed at 20-30° angle
When standing hold crutches in one hand
Crutches should be 15cm (6in) to the side and front of feet
Crutches gait
4-point
-client weight bears on both legs while moving crutches
-client steps one foot at a time to crutches
-weak leg moves first
3-point
-bare weight on one foot
-move crutches
-swing body to crutch
2-point
-partial weight beat on both feet
-patient moves opposite leg and crutch at the same time
Types of ROM
Active
-movement without help
Passive
-moving joints by assistance
Types of exercise
Isometric Isotonic Isokinetic Aerobic Anaerobic
Isometric exercise
Muscle contraction with out motion Hold for 6-8 seconds Repeat 5-10 times Used to develop muscles and strength -good for bed bound patient
Isotonic exercise
Involves movement of joint during exercise
- weight training or free weights
- push-ups
- pull-ups
Isokinetic exercise
Performed with a special device that provides resistance
-machine exercises
Aerobic exercise
When the amount of oxygen brought in meets or exceeds the bodies need Work large muscle groups Ex -jogging -brisk walk -cycling
Anaerobic exercise
When the amount of oxygen brought in isn’t enough for the task More intense or rapid Ex -sprinting -lifting heavy objects
How much should children and teens exercise
1 hour a day
Vigorous exercise 3days/week
How much should adults exercise
150 min of moderate exercise/ week
OR
75 min of vigorous exercise/ week
For additional benefit do strength training 2 days per week
How much should older adults exercise
150 min of moderate exercise/ week
How much should pregnant or postpartum women exercise
Consult with doctor first
150 min moderate exercise per week
Calculate target heart rate
Maximum HR - Age then, multiply by 60 and 85% for the range
Ex
Max 220 Age 30
220-30= 190
190x 0.6 & 190x 0.85
Target= 114-162
Osteoarthritis
Most prevalent degenerative joint disease
Loss of cartilage in joint
No pain
Limited ROM
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Disorder of joints and surrounding connective tissue Results in difficulty doing ADLs Causes -pain -joint disformity -fever -fatigue -weakness
Ankylosing Spodylitis
Inflammation of joint causes stiffness and fusion of joints in spine and sacroiliac joints
Gout
Inflammation due to high uric acid, resulting in white nodules in the subcutaneous tissue
Causes:
-painful joints
-limits activity
Osteoporosis
Decreased bone density Leads to: Vertebral collapse Fractures are more common Risk Factors: -smoking -low calcium and vit D intake -sedentary lifestyle
Osteomyelitis
Infection of the bone
Can ,dad to permanent disability
Bone tumor
May affect form and function of bones
Painful and limiting
