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Adaptations > Mobility/ Immobility and Physical Activity T4 > Flashcards

Mobility/ Immobility and Physical Activity T4 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of immobility

A

Temporary
Permanent
Sudden onset
Slow onset

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2
Q

Temporary immobility

A

Follows a procedure or injury
Ex
-knee arthroplasty

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3
Q

Permanent immobility

A

Not being able to transfer or ambulated alone
Ex
-paraplegic

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4
Q

Sudden onset immobility

A

Caused by an injury or trauma

  • fracture
  • broke bone
  • muscle or ligament tear
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5
Q

Slow oneself immobility

A

Caused by disease or illness that causes decreased or no mobility
Ex
-multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

Body mechanics

A

Involves

  • coordination of musculoskeletal and nervous system
  • use of alignment
  • use of balance
  • use of gravity
  • use of friction
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7
Q

Factors that affect mobility

A 
Alterations in muscles
Injury to musculoskeletal 
Poor posture
Impaired CNS
Health status
Age
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8
Q

Assistive devices

A

Can
Crutches
Walker

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9
Q

Walker

A

Move walker first

Step with affected leg first

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10
Q

Types of walkers

A

Standard (no wheels)
-person must pick up walker to move
Rolling walker (with wheels)
-person may slide walker to move

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11
Q

Cane

A 
Maintain 2 points of contact
Hold cane on strong side
Hold at hip height
Directions to move:
-move cane 15-25cm or 6-10in first
-move affected leg to even with cane
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12
Q

Types of canes

A 
Single leg
Quad peg (offers more stability)
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13
Q

How do you hold crutches

A

Crutches should no be shoved in armpit
-elbows should be flexed at 20-30° angle
When standing hold crutches in one hand
Crutches should be 15cm (6in) to the side and front of feet

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14
Q

Crutches gait

A

4-point
-client weight bears on both legs while moving crutches
-client steps one foot at a time to crutches
-weak leg moves first
3-point
-bare weight on one foot
-move crutches
-swing body to crutch
2-point
-partial weight beat on both feet
-patient moves opposite leg and crutch at the same time

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15
Q

Types of ROM

A

Active
-movement without help
Passive
-moving joints by assistance

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16
Q

Types of exercise

A 
Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic
Aerobic
Anaerobic
17
Q

Isometric exercise

A 
Muscle contraction with out motion
Hold for 6-8 seconds
Repeat 5-10 times
Used to develop muscles and strength
-good for bed bound patient
18
Q

Isotonic exercise

A

Involves movement of joint during exercise

  • weight training or free weights
  • push-ups
  • pull-ups
19
Q

Isokinetic exercise

A

Performed with a special device that provides resistance

-machine exercises

20
Q

Aerobic exercise

A 
When the amount of oxygen brought in meets or exceeds the bodies need 
Work large muscle groups
Ex
-jogging
-brisk walk
-cycling
21
Q

Anaerobic exercise

A 
When the amount of oxygen brought in isn’t enough for the task
More intense or rapid
Ex
-sprinting
-lifting heavy objects
22
Q

How much should children and teens exercise

A

1 hour a day

Vigorous exercise 3days/week

23
Q

How much should adults exercise

A

150 min of moderate exercise/ week
OR
75 min of vigorous exercise/ week
For additional benefit do strength training 2 days per week

24
Q

How much should older adults exercise

A

150 min of moderate exercise/ week

25
Q

How much should pregnant or postpartum women exercise

A

Consult with doctor first

150 min moderate exercise per week

26
Q

Calculate target heart rate

A

Maximum HR - Age then, multiply by 60 and 85% for the range
Ex
Max 220 Age 30

220-30= 190

190x 0.6 & 190x 0.85

Target= 114-162

27
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Most prevalent degenerative joint disease
Loss of cartilage in joint
No pain
Limited ROM

28
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A 
Disorder of joints and surrounding connective tissue
Results in difficulty doing ADLs
Causes
-pain
-joint disformity
-fever
-fatigue
-weakness
29
Q

Ankylosing Spodylitis

A

Inflammation of joint causes stiffness and fusion of joints in spine and sacroiliac joints

30
Q

Gout

A

Inflammation due to high uric acid, resulting in white nodules in the subcutaneous tissue
Causes:
-painful joints
-limits activity

31
Q

Osteoporosis

A 
Decreased bone density
Leads to:
Vertebral collapse
Fractures are more common
Risk Factors:
-smoking
-low calcium and vit D intake
-sedentary lifestyle
32
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

Can ,dad to permanent disability

33
Q

Bone tumor

A

May affect form and function of bones

Painful and limiting

Adaptations (6 decks)

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