nutrition related diseases

Question 1

coronary heart disease

Answer 1

disease of the heart and blood vessels

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

plaque builds up and narrows the arteries causing pressure to rise

Question 3

heart attack

Answer 3

a build up of plaque feeding the heart muscle blocks arteries - cannot supply nutrients or oxygen to the tissue

Question 4

stroke

Answer 4

a build up of plaque in arteries leading to brain

Question 5

hypertension

Answer 5

high blood pressure - excess force on the walls of arteries

Question 6

high blood cholesterol

Answer 6

elevated LDL levels

Question 7

hypoglycaemia

Answer 7

low blood glucose levels - caused by overproduction of insulin - causes dizziness , weakness, and nausea

Question 8

diabetes mellitus

Answer 8

lack or inability to use the hormone insulin - glucose builds up in the blood causing hyperglycemia which can cause damage to the heart and kidney. little glucose reaches the cells for use as energy so the cells break down proteins and fats and throw off the body’s chemistry - a diabetic coma may follow

Question 9

lactose intolerance

Answer 9

inability to digest lactose due to lack of digestive enzyme, lactase.

Question 10

too little protein

Answer 10

negative nitrogen balance - when a person is starving tissues deteriorate because they are losing more nitrogen than they are consuming.
kwashiorkor and marasmus.

Question 11

too much protein

Answer 11

kidney and liver problems
calcium loss - excess protein from animal sources can contribute to calcium loss in bones
excess body fat

Question 12

Vitamin A

Answer 12

deficiency: night blindness

excess - headaches, bone pain, liver damage, birth defects in pregnancy

Question 13

vitamin D

Answer 13

deficiency: rickets - softening of bones in children

osteomalacia - softening of bones in adults

Question 14

B Vitamins

Answer 14

Thiamine deficiency - beriberi
Niacin deficiency - pellagra
folate deficiency - in pregnancy a deficiency can cause a risk of neural tube defects in developing fetus
b12- pernicious anemia, results from the inability to absorb the vitamin

Question 15

vitamin C

Answer 15

scurvy

excess - may reduce ability of b12 to function

Question 16

calcium

Answer 16

osteoporosis - thinning of bones, affects more than half the female population 60 and over

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

excess - high blood pressure

Question 18

Iron

Answer 18

deficiency - anemia, common in teens especially women

Question 19

Iodine

Answer 19

deficiency: goiter -enlargement of thyroid gland

with pregnant women, development of fetus may be impaired