Nutrition/Metabolism Flashcards
What are the most toxic vitamins when given in excess?
Vitamins A & D
What happens to cats with vitamin A deficiencies?
Retinal degeneration/vision loss
What happens to cats with vitamin B1 deficiencies?
Neck ventroflexion, polyneuritis
Niacin is an (essential/non-essential) dietary nutrient for cats. Why?
- Essential
2. They are unable to use tryptophan as a precursor for niacin synthesis
What are the essential fatty acids?
- Linoleic (n-6)
2. Linolenic (n-3)
What is the preferred metabolic fuel for enterocytes?
Glutamine
What are the essential amino acids?
“PVT TIM T. HALL”
- Phenylalanine
- Valine
- Tryptophan
- Taurine (cats only)
- Isoleucine
- Methionine
- Threonine
- Histidine
- Arginine
- Leucine
- Lysine
Vitamin A activity is dependent on ____.
Zinc
What are the functions of Vitamin B1
Required for metabolism of carbohydrates and energy production
* Major cofactor for the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway → major sources of energy for neurons
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is involved in the synthesis of ____ and _____.
- FAD
2. FMN
What kind of anemia can be seen with a Vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Pernicious anemia (macrocytic megaloblastic anemia)
What are important functions of folate?
- Essential for synthesis of purines and pyrimidines → therefore DNA synthesis
What kind of anemia can be seen with folate deficiency?
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
Why do vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies cause anemia?
- B12 is needed for the conversion of folate to tetrahydrofolate → a B12 deficiency can therefore mimic a folate deficiency
- Folate is needed to create purines and pyrimidines which are needed for DNA synthesis
- In a folate deficiency, impaired DNA synthesis in erythroblasts causes erythroblast apoptosis → also associated with ineffective erythropoiesis
Vitamin C is needed for the synthesis of what?
- Collagen
- Bile acids
- Catecholamines
- Carnitine