Nutrition In Plants And Animals

Question 1

What is nutrition

Answer 1

Nutrition is the process whereby living organisms obtain and utilise food substances.

Question 2

What are the modes of nutritions in plant and animals

Answer 2

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition

Question 3

What are the conditions necessary for photosynthesis

Answer 3

Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
Water

Question 4

Give the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO² + 12H²O In the presence of sunlight C⁶H¹²O⁶ +6H²O + 6O²

Question 5

The sugar produced is stored in plants as…… and animals as……

Answer 5

Starch and glycogen

Question 6

What are main factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 6

Light
Temperature
Carbon dioxide

Question 7

What is chemosynthetic Nutrition

Answer 7

The process whereby living organisms manufacture and utilise food using chemical energy

Question 8

Which parasite lacks chlorophyll and depends on its host for food and water

Answer 8

Obligate parasite
They absolve food and water through Haustorial roots

Question 9

Plants which grow on trees for support are called

Answer 9

Epiphytes

Question 10

Carnivores that consume dead and rotten meat are called

Answer 10

Scavengers

Question 11

Macro nutrients that are required in large quantities are…

Answer 11

Calcium, sulfur,sodium, chloride,magnesium, iron and Zinc

Question 12

Examples of micronutrients are

Answer 12

Selenium, manganese, Copper, Iodine, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Chromium, Fluoride, Vanedium, Nickel, Silicon and Tin.

Question 13

Organic nutrients are

Answer 13

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Vitamins

Question 14

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 14

Vit- A,D,E,K.

Question 15

Water - Soluble Vitamins

Answer 15

Vit- B1, B2, B6, B12 & H

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Question 17

Explain the types of enzymes

Answer 17

1 Extracellular enzymes: are secreted within cells,but acts on reactions outside the cells that produce them.
2. Intra-cellular enzymes: are secreted and used within the cells that produced them.

Question 18

Give examples of Extracellular and intracellular enzymes

Answer 18

Digestive enzymes
Respiratory enzymes

Question 19

Factors that affect the rate of an enzyme controlled Rxn

Answer 19

Temperature
pH
Concentration of enzymes and substrates

Question 20

What are activators

Answer 20

Activators are also known as Cofactor and Coenzymes. They promote enzyme activities.

Question 21

What are Co- factors and Co-enzymes?

Answer 21

Co-factors are mostly non-protein compounds. Eg. Fe, Cu, Zn required for working of an enzyme.
Co- enzymes are inorganic, not protein molecules that also increase enzyme activity.

Question 22

What are inhibitors

Answer 22

These reduce the activity of enzyme controlled reactions if found present . EG poison.

Question 23

What are the characteristics of enzymes

Answer 23

1. They are required in small quantities
2. Speedup the rate of chemical reactions
3. Remain Unchanged after the reaction.
4. They are specific to a particular substrate
5. They work best in pH medium.

Question 24

The mammalian tooth is made up of

Answer 24

Incisors
Canines
Pre-molars
Molars

Question 25

Explain the regions of the teeth

Answer 25

1. The crown: which protects the tooth above the gum and used for breaking food into tiny particles.
2. Neck: the junction between the root and the crown.
3. Root: the part of thetooth within the jawbone.

Question 26

What is the hardest part of the tooth in the body

Answer 26

Enamel

Question 27

Function of the Gum

Answer 27

This holds and supports teeth firmly in the jaw bones

Question 28

A bone like material, which fixes the tooth to the jaw bone.

Answer 28

Cement

Question 29

Dentine

Answer 29

Contains 70% calcium

Question 30

What supplies nutrients to the tooth, and also circulates respiratory gases in a tooth.

Answer 30

Blood vessels

Question 31

The living part of the tooth is

Answer 31

Pulp cavity: contains sensory nerve endings

Question 32

What are the roles of the saliva?

Answer 32

1. Has salivary amylase responsible for chm digestion in starch.
2. Saliva moistens food
3. Contains salt. E.G HCO³ that prevent tooth decay

Question 33

In the oesophagus, food moves by a wave of contraction and relaxation of muscles called

Answer 33

Peristalsis

Question 34

The small intestine is madeup of

Answer 34

Duodenum

Question 35

The alimentary canal opens into the……. and leads to…..

Answer 35

Pharynx and leads to the trachea and oesophagus

Question 36

Bile is produced in Where and stored in where

Answer 36

Liver cells and stored in the gall bladder

Question 37

Function of Pancreatic juice

Answer 37

It is alkaline and contains different enzymes that acts on different food materials

Question 38

What are the functions of bile

Answer 38

1. Bile salts activates fat digesting enzyme called lipase
2. Neutralises acidic enzymes in the duodenum to act on it
3. Emulsification of fats

Question 39

Reducing the surface tension of fats and oils and splits them into minute droplets, a process called

Answer 39

Emulsification of fats

Question 40

Function of the ileum

Answer 40

This is the lower part of the small intestine where complete digestion of food and absorption takes place.

Question 41

The walls of the ileum secretes a hormone called

Answer 41

Entericus or intestinal juice that contains different enzymes that acts on different food.

Question 42

In the ileum, final digestion occurs and food is converted into ..

Answer 42

Soluble chyle

Question 43

Functions of liver

Answer 43

1. Regulation of blood sugars.
2. Delamination
3. Detoxification
4. Storage of blood
5. Regulation of blood temperature
6. Storage of blood
7. Excretion of bile pigments
8. Synthesis of fibrinogen
9. Storage of fa soluble vitamins

Question 44

The large intestine consists of

Answer 44

Calcium appendix and colon.
Calcium appendix aren’t well developed in human and have less digest role.
In colon water & mineral salts are absorbed. The remaining undigested food remains as a semi solid waste called faeces into small pellets egested through the Angus.