Nutrition In Plants And Animals Flashcards
What is nutrition
Nutrition is the process whereby living organisms obtain and utilise food substances.
What are the modes of nutritions in plant and animals
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition
What are the conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
Water
Give the equation for photosynthesis
6CO² + 12H²O In the presence of sunlight C⁶H¹²O⁶ +6H²O + 6O²
The sugar produced is stored in plants as…… and animals as……
Starch and glycogen
What are main factors affecting photosynthesis
Light
Temperature
Carbon dioxide
What is chemosynthetic Nutrition
The process whereby living organisms manufacture and utilise food using chemical energy
Which parasite lacks chlorophyll and depends on its host for food and water
Obligate parasite
They absolve food and water through Haustorial roots
Plants which grow on trees for support are called
Epiphytes
Carnivores that consume dead and rotten meat are called
Scavengers
Macro nutrients that are required in large quantities are…
Calcium, sulfur,sodium, chloride,magnesium, iron and Zinc
Examples of micronutrients are
Selenium, manganese, Copper, Iodine, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Chromium, Fluoride, Vanedium, Nickel, Silicon and Tin.
Organic nutrients are
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Vitamins
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vit- A,D,E,K.
Water - Soluble Vitamins
Vit- B1, B2, B6, B12 & H
What are enzymes?
Explain the types of enzymes
1 Extracellular enzymes: are secreted within cells,but acts on reactions outside the cells that produce them.
2. Intra-cellular enzymes: are secreted and used within the cells that produced them.
Give examples of Extracellular and intracellular enzymes
Digestive enzymes
Respiratory enzymes
Factors that affect the rate of an enzyme controlled Rxn
Temperature
pH
Concentration of enzymes and substrates
What are activators
Activators are also known as Cofactor and Coenzymes. They promote enzyme activities.
What are Co- factors and Co-enzymes?
Co-factors are mostly non-protein compounds. Eg. Fe, Cu, Zn required for working of an enzyme.
Co- enzymes are inorganic, not protein molecules that also increase enzyme activity.
What are inhibitors
These reduce the activity of enzyme controlled reactions if found present . EG poison.
What are the characteristics of enzymes
- They are required in small quantities
- Speedup the rate of chemical reactions
- Remain Unchanged after the reaction.
- They are specific to a particular substrate
- They work best in pH medium.
The mammalian tooth is made up of
Incisors
Canines
Pre-molars
Molars
Explain the regions of the teeth
- The crown: which protects the tooth above the gum and used for breaking food into tiny particles.
- Neck: the junction between the root and the crown.
- Root: the part of thetooth within the jawbone.
What is the hardest part of the tooth in the body
Enamel
Function of the Gum
This holds and supports teeth firmly in the jaw bones
A bone like material, which fixes the tooth to the jaw bone.
Cement
Dentine
Contains 70% calcium
What supplies nutrients to the tooth, and also circulates respiratory gases in a tooth.
Blood vessels
The living part of the tooth is
Pulp cavity: contains sensory nerve endings
What are the roles of the saliva?
- Has salivary amylase responsible for chm digestion in starch.
- Saliva moistens food
- Contains salt. E.G HCO³ that prevent tooth decay
In the oesophagus, food moves by a wave of contraction and relaxation of muscles called
Peristalsis
The small intestine is madeup of
Duodenum
The alimentary canal opens into the……. and leads to…..
Pharynx and leads to the trachea and oesophagus
Bile is produced in Where and stored in where
Liver cells and stored in the gall bladder
Function of Pancreatic juice
It is alkaline and contains different enzymes that acts on different food materials
What are the functions of bile
- Bile salts activates fat digesting enzyme called lipase
- Neutralises acidic enzymes in the duodenum to act on it
- Emulsification of fats
Reducing the surface tension of fats and oils and splits them into minute droplets, a process called
Emulsification of fats
Function of the ileum
This is the lower part of the small intestine where complete digestion of food and absorption takes place.
The walls of the ileum secretes a hormone called
Entericus or intestinal juice that contains different enzymes that acts on different food.
In the ileum, final digestion occurs and food is converted into ..
Soluble chyle
Functions of liver
- Regulation of blood sugars.
- Delamination
- Detoxification
- Storage of blood
- Regulation of blood temperature
- Storage of blood
- Excretion of bile pigments
- Synthesis of fibrinogen
- Storage of fa soluble vitamins
The large intestine consists of
Calcium appendix and colon.
Calcium appendix aren’t well developed in human and have less digest role.
In colon water & mineral salts are absorbed. The remaining undigested food remains as a semi solid waste called faeces into small pellets egested through the Angus.
