Circulatory System

Question 1

What is circulation

Answer 1

The process or mechanism involved in the movement of nutrients, gases and wastes

Question 2

What is a circulatory system?

Answer 2

A circulatory system is a network of cylindrical vessels : the arteries, veins and capillaries that emanate from a pump the heart.

Question 3

Red blood cells are formed in where and the destruction takes place in where

Answer 3

RBCs are formed bone marrow and are destroyed in the liver and spleen.

Question 4

From which source does the brain get energy

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct
A. Arteries have thinner walls compared to the veins
B. Pulmonary vein carries oxygen Rich blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 5

B

Question 6

In a closed blood circulatory system, three types of blood vessels are present:

Answer 6

A. Arteries: these carry oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs of the body
B. Veins: these carry impure deoxygenated blood from the body organs to the heart
C. Capillaries: these are present in organs, and these are the vessels through which exchange takes place

Question 7

What are the functions of the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins?

Answer 7

Pulmonary arteries: carries carbon-dioxide rich blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary veins: carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 8

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 8

1. Distribute heat to the body
2. Circulate cell fragments that help stop bleeding
3. Maintain Homeostasis (body balance)
4. Circulate disease fighting chemicals and cells to the site of infection
5. Transport nutrients, oxygen, electrolytes, cellular waste products and hormones

Question 9

What is open circulatory system?

Answer 9

open circulatory system, found in arthropods, pumps blood into a cavity called a hemocoel where it surrounds the organs and then returns to the heart(s) through ostia (openings). The blood found in arthropods, a mix of blood and interstitial fluid, is called hemolymph.

Question 10

Closed circulatory system

Answer 10

a closed circulatory system,blood is contained inside blood vessels, circulating unidirectionally (in one direction) from the heart around the systemic circulatory route, then returning to the heart again.

Question 11

What is pulmocutaneous circulation

Answer 11

A pathway that connects the heart to the lungs then to the skin that allows for oxygenation of blood.

Question 12

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 12

The pathway through which oxygen Rich blood leaves the heart and go to the cells that need it and returns back to the heart.

Question 13

Circulatory System in fish

Answer 13

Fish has the most simplest circulatory system In vertebrates. Blood flows from a two-chambered heart (atrium and ventricle). The atrium collects blood that has returned from the body, and the ventricle pumps blood to the gills where gas exchange occurs and blood is re-oxygenated.- This is called Gill circulation

Question 14

Circulatory System In amphibians

Answer 14

Amphibians have two circulatory routes: one for oxygenation of the blood through the lungs and skin, and the other to take oxygen to the rest of the body. The blood is pumped from a three-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle. There is a level of mixing between oxygen-rich blood and oxygen deficient blood in amphibians, thereby leading to less efficiency of oxygen-rich blood.
Therefore,due to the mixing amphibians practice DOUBLE CIRCULATION.

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

The liquid portion, the dominant component of the blood. It contains water, protein, electrolytes, lipids, glucose. This constitutes 55% of human blood.

Question 16

Red Blood cells

Answer 16

Are responsible for carrying gases(mainly oxygen). They contain hemoglobin that transport oxygen. The red coloring of the blood comes from the iron containing protein hemoglobin.

Question 17

White blood cells

Answer 17

They are also called leukocytes. They are primarily involved in the immune response to identify and target pathogens , such as invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign organisms.
The morphology of white blood cells differ from that of red blood cells. They have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin.

Question 18

What are the types of white Blood cells

Answer 18

1. Granulocytes: including neutrophils, eosinophills and basophills. Are characteristized by a lobed nucleus and granular inclusions in the cytoplasm. They are typically first responders in injury or infection.
2. Agranulocytes: includes lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes, including B and T cells are responsible for adaptive immune response.
   Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which in turn responds to infection or injury

Question 19

What is double circulation?

Answer 19

mechanism in which blood circulates twice through the heart in one complete cycle is known as double circulation. Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation are two pathways in which the blood flows in double circulation.

Question 20

Platelet plug formation occurs at what point

Answer 20

When platelets are attracted to a site of blood vessel damage

Question 21

Platelets are formed from the

Answer 21

Disintegration of larger cells called MEGAKARYOCYTES

Question 22

What is Serum?

Answer 22

Serum is the plasma components of the blood without the coagulation factors.

Question 23

The red blood cell differ from the mammalian red blood cell

Answer 23

they have nuclei. Mammals had more, smaller erythrocytes per unit volume of blood than birds, which, in their turn, had more, smaller erythrocytes than reptiles.

Question 24

Describe the cause of different blood group types

Answer 24

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens– substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient’s immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching.

Question 25

Why are open circulatory systems advantageous to some animals?

Answer 25

They use less metabolic energy. They help the animal move faster. They do not need a heart.