Circulatory System Flashcards
What is circulation
The process or mechanism involved in the movement of nutrients, gases and wastes
What is a circulatory system?
A circulatory system is a network of cylindrical vessels : the arteries, veins and capillaries that emanate from a pump the heart.
Red blood cells are formed in where and the destruction takes place in where
RBCs are formed bone marrow and are destroyed in the liver and spleen.
From which source does the brain get energy
Glucose
Which of the following statements is correct
A. Arteries have thinner walls compared to the veins
B. Pulmonary vein carries oxygen Rich blood from the lungs to the heart
B
In a closed blood circulatory system, three types of blood vessels are present:
A. Arteries: these carry oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs of the body
B. Veins: these carry impure deoxygenated blood from the body organs to the heart
C. Capillaries: these are present in organs, and these are the vessels through which exchange takes place
What are the functions of the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins?
Pulmonary arteries: carries carbon-dioxide rich blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary veins: carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
What are the functions of blood?
- Distribute heat to the body
- Circulate cell fragments that help stop bleeding
- Maintain Homeostasis (body balance)
- Circulate disease fighting chemicals and cells to the site of infection
- Transport nutrients, oxygen, electrolytes, cellular waste products and hormones
What is open circulatory system?
open circulatory system, found in arthropods, pumps blood into a cavity called a hemocoel where it surrounds the organs and then returns to the heart(s) through ostia (openings). The blood found in arthropods, a mix of blood and interstitial fluid, is called hemolymph.
Closed circulatory system
a closed circulatory system,blood is contained inside blood vessels, circulating unidirectionally (in one direction) from the heart around the systemic circulatory route, then returning to the heart again.
What is pulmocutaneous circulation
A pathway that connects the heart to the lungs then to the skin that allows for oxygenation of blood.
What is systemic circulation?
The pathway through which oxygen Rich blood leaves the heart and go to the cells that need it and returns back to the heart.
Circulatory System in fish
Fish has the most simplest circulatory system In vertebrates. Blood flows from a two-chambered heart (atrium and ventricle). The atrium collects blood that has returned from the body, and the ventricle pumps blood to the gills where gas exchange occurs and blood is re-oxygenated.- This is called Gill circulation
Circulatory System In amphibians
Amphibians have two circulatory routes: one for oxygenation of the blood through the lungs and skin, and the other to take oxygen to the rest of the body. The blood is pumped from a three-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle. There is a level of mixing between oxygen-rich blood and oxygen deficient blood in amphibians, thereby leading to less efficiency of oxygen-rich blood.
Therefore,due to the mixing amphibians practice DOUBLE CIRCULATION.
Plasma
The liquid portion, the dominant component of the blood. It contains water, protein, electrolytes, lipids, glucose. This constitutes 55% of human blood.
Red Blood cells
Are responsible for carrying gases(mainly oxygen). They contain hemoglobin that transport oxygen. The red coloring of the blood comes from the iron containing protein hemoglobin.
White blood cells
They are also called leukocytes. They are primarily involved in the immune response to identify and target pathogens , such as invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign organisms.
The morphology of white blood cells differ from that of red blood cells. They have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin.
What are the types of white Blood cells
- Granulocytes: including neutrophils, eosinophills and basophills. Are characteristized by a lobed nucleus and granular inclusions in the cytoplasm. They are typically first responders in injury or infection.
- Agranulocytes: includes lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes, including B and T cells are responsible for adaptive immune response.
Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which in turn responds to infection or injury
What is double circulation?
mechanism in which blood circulates twice through the heart in one complete cycle is known as double circulation. Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation are two pathways in which the blood flows in double circulation.
Platelet plug formation occurs at what point
When platelets are attracted to a site of blood vessel damage
Platelets are formed from the
Disintegration of larger cells called MEGAKARYOCYTES
What is Serum?
Serum is the plasma components of the blood without the coagulation factors.
The red blood cell differ from the mammalian red blood cell
they have nuclei. Mammals had more, smaller erythrocytes per unit volume of blood than birds, which, in their turn, had more, smaller erythrocytes than reptiles.
Describe the cause of different blood group types
Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens– substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient’s immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching.
Why are open circulatory systems advantageous to some animals?
They use less metabolic energy. They help the animal move faster. They do not need a heart.
