Nutrition in health and disease

Question 1

Intake of nutrients should =

Answer 1

Demand of nutrients

Question 2

Nutrients are demanded in FIXED & VARIABLE components, name a fixed and variable component

Answer 2

Fixed - mechanical function, e.g. transport pumps

Variable - cost of processing diet intake

Question 3

Malnutrition refers to both…

Answer 3

Over and under nutrition

Question 4

Overnutrition –>

Answer 4

Obesity

Question 5

Undernutrition –>

Answer 5

Weight loss –> impaired function

Question 6

Factors that contribute to obesity (3)

Answer 6

Environment
Exercise
Genetics

Question 7

Causes of undernutrition (3)

Answer 7

Anorexia nervosa
Food access failure- e.g. post-stroke, post head injury
Intestinal failure - not enough functional gut

Question 8

BMI measured by

Answer 8

weight (kg) /height squared (m)

Question 9

BMI <20 =

Answer 9

Underweight

Question 10

BMI <18 =

Answer 10

Physical impairment

Question 11

BMI >25 =

Answer 11

Overweight

Question 12

BMI >30 =

Answer 12

Obese

Question 13

Name 2 protein malnutrition disorders

Answer 13

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Question 14

Clinical consequences of malnutrition (4)

Answer 14

Impaired immune response
Reduced muscle strength
Impaired wound healing
Impaired recovery from illness and surgery

Question 15

General management of malnutrition (4)

Answer 15

History
Examination
Analyse problem + work out requirements
Refer to dietician

Question 16

Management of access failure (undernutrition) (2)

Answer 16

Nasogastric tube (for feeding)
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)

Question 17

Screening tool used for malnutrition

Answer 17

Malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST)

Question 18

The higher the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) score, the higher the…

Answer 18

Likelihood of mortality

Question 19

Describe the scoring system of the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST)

Answer 19

MAX SCORE = 6
-Score >2 = risk of undernutrition, dietary advice, oral supplements

• Score 1 = dietary advice, maybe supplements and observe
• Score 0 = monitor