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GI Anatomy > Anatomy Overview 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Overview 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy (organs) of GI tract

A

(mouth), oesophagus, stomach, small + large intestine, anus

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2
Q

Oesophagus is what kind of tube

A

Muscular

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3
Q

How many constrictions does the oesophagus have + their names

A

3 - cervical, thoracic diaphragmatic

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4
Q

5 parts of the stomach (learn on diagram as well)

A

Cardia, fundus, body, antrum and pylorus

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5
Q

Pyloric Sphincter (part of stomach) function

A

Controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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6
Q

Stomach disease 3 examples

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis – Thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus

Carcinoma (cancer) of the stomach

Gastric ulcers & Vagotomy

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7
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Coeliac trunk

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8
Q

Origin of foregut blood supply (celiac trunk)

A

Abdominal aorta T12

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9
Q

Midgut consists of…

A

Distal half duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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10
Q

What is the duodenum (+ describe its length and diameter)

A

Shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

First part of small intestine

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11
Q

Accessory organs of GI tract

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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12
Q

Liver surface anatomy position

A

Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right side

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13
Q

Biliary ducts carry bile from what organ to what

A

Liver to gallbladder

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14
Q

Pancreas is a digestive…

A

Gland

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15
Q

Spleen location (quadrant)

A

Left hypochondrium

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16
Q

Hepatic artery supplies what organs

A

Liver and gallbladder

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17
Q

What part of small intestine is the jejunum

A

Middle segment between duodenum and ileum

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18
Q

Celiac trunk (supplies foregut) branches into what 3 arteries

A

Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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19
Q

Jejunum v ileum wall

A

Jejunum - heavy and thick

Ileum - light and thin

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20
Q

Jejunum v ileum vascularity

A

Jejunum has greater vascularity

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21
Q

Jejunum v ileum vasa recta

A

Jejunum has longer vasa recta

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22
Q

Jejunum v ileum loops

A

Jejunum has a few large loops

Ileum has many short loops

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23
Q

Jejunum v ileum lymphoid nodules

A

Ileum has more

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24
Q

Jejunum v ileum fat in mesentery

A

Ileum has more fat

25
Q

Blood supply to midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

26
Q

Origin of midgut blood supply (superior mesenteric artery)

A

Branch of abdominal aorta at L1

27
Q

Superior mesenteric artery is crossed anteriorly by what 2 things

A

Splenic vein and neck of pancreas

28
Q

Name 4 branches of superior mesenteric artery (supplies midgut)

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Jejunal and ileal arteries
Middle and Right Colic artery
Ileocolic artery

29
Q

Hindgut consists of…

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

30
Q

Blood supply to hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

Large distinguished from small intestine by what 3 things

A

Omental appendices
Haustra or sacculations
Teniae coli

32
Q

Origin of hindgut blood supply (inferior mesenteric artery)

A

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta at L3

33
Q

3 major branches of inferior mesenteric artery (supplies hindgut)

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

34
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

CN X

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

35
Q

Sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

T5-L2/L3 (abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves)
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus

36
Q

What vein takes part in venous drainage of the abdominal part of GI tract

A

Portal vein

37
Q

Portal vein function

A

Collects poorly oxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of GI tract and carries it to liver

38
Q

What duct drains lymph from from GI tract/abdomen

A

Thoracic duct

39
Q

3 terminal groups of the lumbar nodes

A

Pre-aortic (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes)
Lateral aortic
Retro-aortic

40
Q

What does the pre-aortic group (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) of lumbar nodes drain

A

Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta, i.e. everything supplied by coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA

41
Q

Difference between abdominal and peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal cavity contains organs, peritoneal contains liquid

42
Q

What is the peritoneum

A

A thin serious membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

43
Q

What type of epithelium is the peritoneum and how many layer of cells is it

A

Single cell squamous epithelial layer

44
Q

Difference between parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

Parietal lines the abdominal wall and visceral lines the organs

45
Q

Abdominal aorta level

A

T12 - L4

46
Q

How may abdominal organs be peritonised

A

intraperitoneal/ on a mesentery

or retroperitoneal

47
Q

What does ‘on a mesentery’ mean and would the organ be mobile or not

A

Means the organ is attached to the posterior abdominal wall indirectly via the mesentery (folded peritoneum)
Organ is mobile

48
Q

What does an organ being retroperitoneal mean and would the organ be mobile or not

A

It’s fixed to the posterior abdominal wall, immobile

Covered by peritoneum anteriorly

49
Q

Examples of retroperitoneal organs (11) (‘SAD PUCKOR’)

A 
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Abdo aorta
Duodenum (2nd-4th part)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending/descending)
Kidneys
Oesophagus
Rectum

IVC
Bladder

50
Q

Examples of intraperitoneal organs (8)

A

Stomach, spleen, liver, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

51
Q

What are omenta

A

Double folds of peritoneum passing from the STOMACH to connect to other organs or the body wall

52
Q

What are ligaments in the abdominal context

A

Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall

53
Q

How do peritonised organs get blood supply

A

Arterial branches travel between mesenteries or omenta to get to the organ

54
Q

What is the flap of tissue called that connects the anterior surface of liver to the anterior abdominal wall and divides the liver into left and right lobes

A

Falciform ligament

55
Q

What are the greater and lesser sacs linked by

A

Epiploic foramen

56
Q

Portal triad consists of…

A

Hepatic artery
Portal vien
Bile duct

57
Q

Pancreas is retroperitoneal except which part

Colon has intra (2) and retroperitoneal (2) parts - which is which

Duodenum has intra (1) and retroperitoneal (3) parts - which is which

A

Tail

Ascending/descending colon - retroperitoneal
Transverse/sigmoid - intraperitoneal

1st part duodenum - intraperitoneal
2nd-4th parts duodenum - retroperitoneal

58
Q

The free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver is known as the + what is this a remnant of embryologically

A 
ligament teres (round ligament)
Umbilical vein

GI Anatomy (21 decks)

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