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Nutrition > Nutrition final 4 > Flashcards

Nutrition final 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How can osteoporosis be prevented?

A

Calcium, weight bearing exercise

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2
Q

What organs are involved in the formation of the active Vitamin D?

A

Skin, liver, kidneys

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3
Q

What is the age of peak bone density?

A

25-30

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4
Q

What is the average weight of a newborn?

A

7.5 lbs

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5
Q

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy (over the length of pregnancy and weekly)

A

25-30 lbs in pre pregnancy normal weight – 1lb per week

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6
Q

where is the weight distributed when pregnant distributed?

A

placenta, breasts, amniotic and body fluids, fat stores, baby, muscles to support uterus

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7
Q

What maternal weight is used to classify the category of weight gain during pregnancy?

A

Pre-pregnancy

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8
Q

What is the structure and role of the placenta?

A

Deliver nutrients to the embryo, fetus, carry away waste

Structure is a separate blood supply

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9
Q

What nutritional problems are seen in pregnancy and their causes,

A

Morning sickenss- hormone changes and higher sensitivity to odors

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10
Q

What are the preventative measures

A

Alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome- no alcohol

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11
Q

What are the Calorie and protein needs during pregnancy?

A

300 (2nd) and 450 (3rd), +25gm protein

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12
Q

What is the Division of Responsibility?

A

Parents offer food (what, when, where), child decides how much

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13
Q

Infants

A

breast or formula feed exclusively for first 6 months; suggested add iron fortified rice cereal as first solid

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14
Q

Toddlers

A

offer the food (what, when and where) but allow the child to decide how much to eat- offering healthy foods using my plate as a guidline, offering small portions appropriate for their age, do not use food as a reward

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15
Q

Reason for avoiding honey

A

clostridium botulinum bacteria- paralysis

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16
Q

Juice intake

A

limit to 4 ounces per day

17
Q

Avoiding allergies

A

offer a new food every three days

18
Q

Initiation of solids

A

6 months when infant can sit up holding head up

19
Q

Guidelines for Overweight/obese children

A

be a role model, provide up to an hour of exercise per day, limit TV/video/computer watching to 2 hours per day

20
Q

Typical adolescent eating

A

more likely to drink soft drink over milk, preference for fast food convenience, low intake of fruits and vegetables, less likely to have 3 healthy meals per day

21
Q

At what age to include cow’s milk, whole milk vs. 1%/skim milk

A

1 year for whole milk, 2 years for lower fat versions ( 1%,2%)

22
Q

age of growth spurt

A

10-11 girls, 12-13 boys

23
Q

body composition differences for males and females

A

males; greater muscle mass, girls increase fat

24
Q

activity recommendation

A

greater than or equal to 60 minutes/day

25
Q

What are the fluid needs of an adult?

A

Minimum of 6 cups

26
Q

What are the My Plate guidelines including types of food to each from each food group?

A

5 or more fruits an dveg, lean meats and beans, 3 servings of low fat dairy, half grain whole

27
Q

Difference between appetite and hunger

A

appetite is emotion driven, hunger is physiologically driven

28
Q

What is the average life expectancy and fastest growing age group?

A

76 males, 81 females and fastest growing age group is the over 85

29
Q

What changes are seen in the elderly, including changes in nutrient needs

A

Decreased lean body mass, decreased bone density, decreased immune function, decreased calorie needs but not lowered vitamin and mineral needs

30
Q

In regard to free radicals; what causes their production

A

normal metabolism, pollution, UV light, toxic subatances (ex smoking

31
Q

what damage can free radicals do

A

Increase cancer risk

32
Q

nutritionally how can their damage be diminished? (free radicals)

A

Eat vegetable oils for vitamin E

33
Q

What are the 3 stages of Cancer and their definitions?

A

Initiation, Promotion, Progression

34
Q

Initiation

A

cell mutates

35
Q

Promotion

A

growth in number of mutated cells

36
Q

Progression

A

mutated cells travel to other parts of the body

37
Q

What is the length of gestation in humans?

A

38-42 weeks

38
Q

What are the benefits of breastfeeding

A

Reduced cost compared to formula, can help promote loss of maternal fat stores gained during pregnancy, assist the uterus to return to pre-pregnancy size, it is NOT an effective contraceptive

39
Q

What are the best sources of nutrient information?

A

Registered dietician, .gov websites, peer reviewed research articles

Nutrition (8 decks)

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