Exam 2 Carbohydrates

Question 1

*What is Insulin and what does it do?

Answer 1

• produced by beta cells of the pancreas

- Helps cells take in glucose from the blood

Question 2

*Health disorders related to carbohydtrate metabolism

Answer 2

Diabetes

Lactose intolerance

Question 3

What is diabetes?

Answer 3

inability to regulate blood glucose levels

Question 4

What can result if diabetes is untreated?

Answer 4

nerve damage, kidney damage, heart disease and blindness

Question 5

Types of diabetes

Answer 5

Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes

Question 6

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 6

Patients do not produce enough insulin

causes hyperglycemia

Question 7

Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

high blood sugar

Question 8

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 8

Body cells are unresponsive to insulin

causes hyperglycemia

Question 9

How can type 2 diabetes be treated

Answer 9

Diet, exercise, and possible oral medication

Question 10

What are some healthy lifestyle choices to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

follow my plate guidelines
maintain a healthy weight
walk 30 - 60 minutes a day 5 days a week

Question 11

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 11

insufficient lactose production causes an inability to digest lactose found in dairy products

Question 12

symptoms of lactose intolerance

Answer 12

intestinal gas, bloating, nausea, cramping and diarrhea

Question 13

What are lactose intolerant alternative solutions?

Answer 13

Lactaid Milk
Soy Milk (fortified with calcium and vitamin D)
Hard cheeses and yogurt with cultures
lactaid pills

Question 14

Sources of carbohydrates

Answer 14

starches, fruits, sweets, milk, yogurt and vegetables

Question 15

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 15

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 16

Simple Carbohydrates

Answer 16

Either a monosaccharide or disaccharide

Question 17

Monosaccharide

Answer 17

contains only one molecule

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 18

Disaccharide

Answer 18

contains two molecules

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

Question 19

most carbs we eat are produced by plants through

Answer 19

photosynthesis

Question 20

*Glucose + Galactose

Answer 20

Lactose

Question 21

*Glucose + Glucose

Answer 21

maltose

Question 22

*glucose + fructose

Answer 22

sucrose

Question 23

Complex carbs

Answer 23

also called polysaccharides

starch, glycogen and most fibers

Question 24

starch

Answer 24

complex carb (plant)
we break down starch to glucose 
grains, legumes, and potatoes are good source of starch

Question 25

Glycogen

Answer 25

Complex carb (animal) Stored in liver and muscles not a source of dietary carb

Question 26

Dietary fiber

Answer 26

non digestible part of the plant | whole grains, rice, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables

Question 27

Functional fiber

Answer 27

carb extracted from plants and added to food | cellulose, guar gum and pectin

Question 28

How to calculate total fiber

Answer 28

Dietary + functional fiber

Question 29

Salivary Amylase

Answer 29

enzyme that begins carb digestion in the mouth | breaks starch down to maltose

Question 30

Is there digestion of carbs in the stomach?

Answer 30

NO!!!!

Question 31

*Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 31

Enzyme produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine digests starches to maltose

Question 32

Can we digest fiber?

Answer 32

NO!!!!!!

Question 33

*How are monosaccharides absorbed

Answer 33

into the cells lining the small intestine and then enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver

Question 34

*Carbohydrate energy

Answer 34

ATP is our primary source for energy Glucose is converted to ATP ATP made in the mitochondria

Question 35

*Carbohydrate storage

Answer 35

excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver and the muscles or to fat for storage in fat cells

Question 36

Glycemic index

Answer 36

a carbohydrate containing food's ability to raise blood glucose levels

Question 37

Benefit of low glycemic index diet

Answer 37

better for people with diabetes higher in fiber may reduce the risk of heart disease and colon cancer

Question 38

*Who regulates artificial sweeteners

Answer 38

FDA

Question 39

*Benefit to artificial sweeteners

Answer 39

lower calorie | does not cause tooth decay

Question 40

*Nutritive sweetener

Answer 40

Sucrose, Fructose, honey | 4 kcal

Question 41

*Sweet n Low

Answer 41

Saccharin

Question 42

*Splenda

Answer 42

Sucralose

Question 43

*Non nutritive sweetener

Answer 43

less calories 2 kcal and insufficient calories

Question 44

*RDA of carbohydrates

Answer 44

130 grams

Question 45

Percent daily calorie intake from carbohydrates

Answer 45

45%- 65%

Question 46

How much fiber per day

Answer 46

25

Question 47

what happens when the carb intake is not met

Answer 47

ketones produce

Question 48

what happens with excess ketones

Answer 48

high blood acidity and ketoacidosis

Question 49

Glycogen

Answer 49

produced by alpha cells in the pancreas | stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose to make available to rest of the body