Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Exam 2 Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Exam 2 Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

*What is Insulin and what does it do?

A
  • produced by beta cells of the pancreas

- Helps cells take in glucose from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

*Health disorders related to carbohydtrate metabolism

A

Diabetes

Lactose intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is diabetes?

A

inability to regulate blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can result if diabetes is untreated?

A

nerve damage, kidney damage, heart disease and blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of diabetes

A

Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Patients do not produce enough insulin

causes hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Body cells are unresponsive to insulin

causes hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can type 2 diabetes be treated

A

Diet, exercise, and possible oral medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some healthy lifestyle choices to prevent type 2 diabetes?

A

follow my plate guidelines
maintain a healthy weight
walk 30 - 60 minutes a day 5 days a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A

insufficient lactose production causes an inability to digest lactose found in dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of lactose intolerance

A

intestinal gas, bloating, nausea, cramping and diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are lactose intolerant alternative solutions?

A

Lactaid Milk
Soy Milk (fortified with calcium and vitamin D)
Hard cheeses and yogurt with cultures
lactaid pills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sources of carbohydrates

A

starches, fruits, sweets, milk, yogurt and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Simple Carbohydrates

A

Either a monosaccharide or disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Monosaccharide

A

contains only one molecule

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Disaccharide

A

contains two molecules

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

most carbs we eat are produced by plants through

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

*Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose

21
Q

*Glucose + Glucose

A

maltose

22
Q

*glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

23
Q

Complex carbs

A

also called polysaccharides

starch, glycogen and most fibers

24
Q

starch

A 
complex carb (plant)
we break down starch to glucose 
grains, legumes, and potatoes are good source of starch
25
Q

Glycogen

A

Complex carb (animal)
Stored in liver and muscles
not a source of dietary carb

26
Q

Dietary fiber

A

non digestible part of the plant

whole grains, rice, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables

27
Q

Functional fiber

A

carb extracted from plants and added to food

cellulose, guar gum and pectin

28
Q

How to calculate total fiber

A

Dietary + functional fiber

29
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

enzyme that begins carb digestion in the mouth

breaks starch down to maltose

30
Q

Is there digestion of carbs in the stomach?

A

NO!!!!

31
Q

*Pancreatic Amylase

A

Enzyme produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine
digests starches to maltose

32
Q

Can we digest fiber?

A

NO!!!!!!

33
Q

*How are monosaccharides absorbed

A

into the cells lining the small intestine and then enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver

34
Q

*Carbohydrate energy

A

ATP is our primary source for energy
Glucose is converted to ATP
ATP made in the mitochondria

35
Q

*Carbohydrate storage

A

excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver and the muscles or to fat for storage in fat cells

36
Q

Glycemic index

A

a carbohydrate containing food’s ability to raise blood glucose levels

37
Q

Benefit of low glycemic index diet

A

better for people with diabetes
higher in fiber
may reduce the risk of heart disease and colon cancer

38
Q

*Who regulates artificial sweeteners

A

FDA

39
Q

*Benefit to artificial sweeteners

A

lower calorie

does not cause tooth decay

40
Q

*Nutritive sweetener

A

Sucrose, Fructose, honey

4 kcal

41
Q

*Sweet n Low

A

Saccharin

42
Q

*Splenda

A

Sucralose

43
Q

*Non nutritive sweetener

A

less calories 2 kcal and insufficient calories

44
Q

*RDA of carbohydrates

A

130 grams

45
Q

Percent daily calorie intake from carbohydrates

A

45%- 65%

46
Q

How much fiber per day

A

25

47
Q

what happens when the carb intake is not met

A

ketones produce

48
Q

what happens with excess ketones

A

high blood acidity and ketoacidosis

49
Q

Glycogen

A

produced by alpha cells in the pancreas

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose to make available to rest of the body

Nutrition (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions