Nutrition Final 4

Question 1

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 1

A, D, E, K

Question 2

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 2

Ascorbic acid, biotin, choline, folacin, myoinositol, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, B12

Question 3

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 3

stored in fat, can reach toxicity levels

Question 4

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 4

will no accumulate in the body, easily removed from the body, stores are very fluid

Question 5

What was the first vitamin to be discovered

Answer 5

Vitamin B1 or thiamin

Question 6

What disease is associated with Thiamin deficiency

Answer 6

Beriberi

Question 7

Functions of thiamin

Answer 7

coenzyme for all enzymatic decarboxylation of alpha keto acids (pyruvate to acetate), vital role in nerve function, role in insulin biosynthesis

Question 8

Symptoms of deficiency in thiamin

Answer 8

BERIBERI, swollen lower legs, paralysis, cardiovascular damage, head bent backwards, polioencephalomalacia PEM

Question 9

Toxicity of thiamin

Answer 9

typically non toxic

Question 10

Second B vitamin to be discovered

Answer 10

Riboflavin or vitamin B2

Question 11

Three forms of riboflavin

Answer 11

free riboflavin, FMN (flavin mononucleotide), FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)

Question 12

Functions of riboflavin

Answer 12

required as part of many enzymes to utilize (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins), amino acid metabolism, flavoprotein functions, fat metabolism

Question 13

Symptoms of deficiency of riboflavin

Answer 13

unable to synthesize riboflavin within tissue, alopecia, rough hair coat, lowered feed rate, curled toe paralysis

Question 14

Symptoms of toxicity of riboflavin

Answer 14

little issue or toxicity

Question 15

Niacin or third B vitamin

Answer 15

chemically one of the simplest vitamins

Question 16

2 coenzymes of niacin

Answer 16

NAD and NADP

Question 17

tryptophan niacin conversion

Answer 17

tryptophan is a precursor for niacin synthesis, ability of tryptophan to meet metabolic requirement for niacin depends on amount available of tryptophan and efficiency of conversion

Question 18

Symptoms of niacin deficiency

Answer 18

Pellagra (dermal lesions), weakness, digestive disorders

Question 19

Symptoms of toxicity of niacin

Answer 19

itching, heat sensation, nausea, vomiting

Question 20

Three compounds of vitamin B6

Answer 20

Pyridoxol
Pyridoxal
Pyridoxamine

Question 21

Functions of vitamin B6

Answer 21

plays an essential role in interaction of the metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, fatty acids, citric acid cycle
involved in almost all reactions involving amino acid metabolism
conversion of amino acid to keto acid

Question 22

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B6

Answer 22

grow very slowly, epileptic like convulsions, nitrogen rentention

Question 23

toxicity of vitmain B6

Answer 23

Very little

Question 24

Functions of pantothenic acid

Answer 24

functions as a constituent of two coenzymes (coenzyme a and ACP), involved in over 100 metabolic pathways, coenzyme A

Question 25

Deficiency symptoms of pantothenic acid

Answer 25

goose stepping of hind legs, impairment of adrenal function, reduced growth

Question 26

Toxicity of pantothenic acid

Answer 26

no toxicity reported

Question 27

Function of biotin

Answer 27

essential coenzyme in metabolism, essential part of interconversion of carb to protein and protein to fat, maintains normal blood glucose levels

Question 28

Biotin is a carboxyl carrier for four carboxylase enzymes

Answer 28

1. pyruvate carboxylase 2. acetyl coa carboxylase 3. propionyl coa carboxylase 4. 3 methylcrotonyl coa carboxylase

Question 29

Symptoms of deficiency of biotin

Answer 29

dry rough cracked skin, alopecia, ulceration of skin

Question 30

Three structures of folacin

Answer 30

glutamic acid, p aminobenzoic acid, pteridine nucleus

Question 31

Functions of folacin

Answer 31

transfers single carbon units in various reactions, specific single carbon transfer

Question 32

Deficiency of folacin

Answer 32

leukopenia, anemia

Question 33

Functions of vitamin B12

Answer 33

essential part of several enzyme systems for basic metabolic functions, red blood cell synthesis

Question 34

Deficiency of vitamin B12

Answer 34

closely related to cobalt deficiency, anemia, slowed growth

Question 35

Functions of choline

Answer 35

metabolic essential for building and maintaing cell structure, fat metabolism in liver, essential for formation of acetylcholine

Question 36

Deficiency symptoms of choline

Answer 36

spraddled leg condition, poor confirmation, fatty liver

Question 37

toxicity of choline

Answer 37

salivation, trembling, jerking, convulsions

Question 38

what is ascorbic acid closely related to

Answer 38

vitamin c

Question 39

two forms of ascorbic acid

Answer 39

reduced ascorbic acid, oxidized dehydroascorbic acid

Question 40

functions of ascorbic acid

Answer 40

involved in biochemical processes that involve donations of one or two electrons, collagen synthesis, antioxidant and immunity, carnitine synthesis

Question 41

Deficiency and toxicity of ascorbic acid

Answer 41

not a common deficiency, limited issue with toxcitiy

Question 42

Which fat soluble vitamin is considered the most important

Answer 42

Vitamin A

Question 43

3 forms of vitamin A

Answer 43

retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

Question 44

all trans retinol is considered to have ___ biological activity

Answer 44

100%

Question 45

Functions of vitamin A

Answer 45

normal night vision, normal epithelial cells, normal bone growth and remodeling,