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Animal Breeding > Nutrition Final 3 > Flashcards

Nutrition Final 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are proteins

A

essential organic constituents of living organisms

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2
Q

High concentration of protein is in the

A

muscle

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3
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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4
Q

What are the three types of proteins

A

globular, fibrous, conjugated

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5
Q

Globular proteins

A

soluble in water, dilute acids or bases, and alcohol

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6
Q

Fibrous proteins

A

insoluble in water, resistant to digestive enzymes

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7
Q

Conjugated proteins

A

Contain a wide array of non protein parts

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8
Q

What are the two types of conjugated proteins

A

Lipoproteins and glycoproteins

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9
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Protein-lipid complex, from membrane proteins of animal cells

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10
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Protein-carbohydrate complex, 2 types (sulfated polysaccharides and mucoproteins)

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11
Q

What are the 10 essential amino acids

A
  1. Phenylalanine
  2. Valine
  3. Threonine
  4. Tryptophan
  5. Isoleucine
  6. Methionine
  7. Histidine
  8. Arginine
  9. Lysine
  10. Leucine
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12
Q

What are the 10 essential amino acids

A
  1. Phenylalanine
  2. Valine
  3. Threonine
  4. Tryptophan
  5. Isoleucine
  6. Methionine
  7. Histidine
  8. Arginine
  9. Lysine
  10. Leucine
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13
Q

List 3 functions of proteins and provide at least 2 examples of proteins that do that particular function.

A
  1. Muscle contraction which is a contractile protein. Two examples of proteins that do this function is actin and myosin
  2. Transport of nutrients and O2 which is blood proteins. Two examples of proteins that do this function is albumin and hemoglobin.
  3. Enzyme catalyzed reactions which is enzymes. Two examples of proteins that do this function is dehydrogenase, kinase, and synthase
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14
Q

Disruption of the secondary structure of a protein

A

Denaturation

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15
Q

The urea cycle is the process of converting

A

ammonia to urea

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16
Q

Describe process of protein synthesis

A

Mrna is at the bottom and has a codon for protein attached to it. tRNA is provided with the anticodon. The Trna goes out to find a matching amino acid and brings back the matches to the codon. Amino acid 1 binds to amino acid 2 Trna goes back with amino acid 3. May not take all 5 phases because it stops at UGA.

17
Q

Describe process of nitrogen recycling and what happens during high and low intake levels

A

Non protein nitrogen occurs as urea through saliva and then get diffused through the rumen wall. Most of the nitrogen is gonna be utilized by microbes to be converted into ammonia for energy. The ammonia is absorbed across the rumen wall into the blood. If intake of nitrogen is low the animal is gonna be low performing because there is not going to be as much nitrogen for the microbes to convert into ammonia to utilize. Very little will go to urea pool and then will go back to rumen pool and little excreted through the urine. If there is a high intake of nitrogen the animal is going to be higher performing because the nitrogen will go directly to the liver from rumen pool. Greater amount will escape and the microbes will utilize nitrogen. From liver it goes to urea pool and nitrogen will go back to the rumen pool. If it goes back through the process it will be secreted through the urine. Although you do want to make sure the nitrogen intake is too high because toxicity can occur.

18
Q

What is an amino acid imbalance

A

Any change in the proportion of dietary amino acids that has an adverse effect preventable by a small increase in the most limiting amino acid

19
Q

Prions

A

Proteinaceous infectious particles that lack nucleic acids. Causative agent for several neurological diseases in livestock

20
Q

Two phases of metabolism of proteins

A

Catabolism (degradation)
Anabolism (synthesis)

21
Q

Three most common proteases

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastatse

22
Q

What is the most common deficiency

A

Protein or amino acid

23
Q

Amino acid antagonism

A

growth depression that is overcome by supplementation with an amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist

23
Q

Amino acid antagonism

A

growth depression that is overcome by supplementation with an amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist

23
Q

Amino acid antagonism

A

growth depression that is overcome by supplementation with an amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist

23
Q

Amino acid antagonism

A

growth depression that is overcome by supplementation with an amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist

24
Q

Amino acid antagonism

A

growth depression that is overcome by supplementation with an amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist

25
Q

Amino acid toxcicity

A

when the adverse effect of an amino acid excess cannot be overcome by supplementation with another amino acid

26
Q

Amino acid imbalance

A

any change in the proportion of dietary amino acids that has an adverse effect preventable by a small increase in the most limiting amino acid

27
Q

What are the two function of water

A

Major component in body metabolism
Major factor in body temperature control

28
Q

What creates the most metabolic water

A

Fat

29
Q

Three characteristics of water that has a marked effect on temperature regulation

A

high specific heat
high thermal conductivity
high latent heat of vaporization

30
Q

One gram of water moving from liquid to vapor removes _______ Cal of heat.

A

580

31
Q

Three types of water

A

metabolic
feed
free

32
Q

Over consumption of _________ causes an increase in water loss due to an increase in urination.

A

protein

33
Q

The four primary components of blood

A

Plasma, white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells

34
Q

The difference between serum and plasma is the protein

A

fibrin

35
Q

Fluid in unclotted blood is

A

plasma

36
Q

Fluid in clotted blood is

A

serum

Animal Breeding (6 decks)

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