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Animal Breeding > Animal Breeding Exam 3 Retake > Flashcards

Animal Breeding Exam 3 Retake Flashcards

1
Q

Selection Index

A

A linear combination of phenotypic information and weighting factors that is used for genetic prediction when performance data come from genetically similar contemporary groups

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of information used to calculate genetic predictions?

A
  1. Own performance data
  2. Pedigree data
  3. Progeny data
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3
Q

Regression

A

mathematical process that causes genetic predictions to be more or less conservative (closer to the mean) depending upon the amount of information that is available.

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4
Q

What 4 factors is amount of regression based on?

A
  1. Number of records
  2. Repeatability of traits
  3. Heritability of traits
  4. Pedigree information
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5
Q

Common environment effect

A

An increase in similarity of performance of family members caused by sharing a common environment.

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6
Q

Explain common environment

A

Relatives performances are typically similar because they have genes in common. Full siblings share a common environment because they have same parents because of this performance records of full sibs provide less information than expected. Important in liter bearing species

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7
Q

BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction)

A

Method of genetic prediction that is particularly appropriate when performance data come from genetically diverse contemporary groups

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8
Q

Blups allows us to look at genetically different cattle from

A

Different farm, different decades, and different contemporary groups

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9
Q

T or F. Blup can account for changes in genetic trend

A

True

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10
Q

Direct component or effect

A

Effect of an individuals genes on its performance

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11
Q

Maternal component or effect

A

The effect of genes in the dam of an individual that influence the performance of the individual through the environment provided by the dam

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12
Q

Large scale genetic evaluation

A

The genetic evaluation of large populations, typically entire breed

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13
Q

Sire summaries

A

A list of genetic predictions, accuracy values, and other useful information about sires in a breed.

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14
Q

Accuracy measures

A

Strength of the relationship between true values and their predictions

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15
Q

Parent EPD

A

An EPD for an animal with progeny data

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16
Q

Nonparent EPD

A

A genetic prediction based solely on pedigree data

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17
Q

Interim EPD

A

An updated EPD that is calculated between BLUP analyses and incorporates new information

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18
Q

Nucleus Breeding Scheme

A

A cooperative breeding program in which elite animals are concentrated in a nucleus herd or flock and superior germ plasm is then distributed among cooperating herds or flocks.

19
Q

Correlated response to selection

A

Genetic change in one or more traits resulting from selection for naother

20
Q

Pleiotropy

A

The phenomenon of a single gene affecting more than one trait

21
Q

Types of correlations

A

Genetic, Phenotypic, Environmental

22
Q

Genetic correltion

A

measure of the strength of the relatioship bectween breeding values for one trait and breeding values for another

23
Q

Phenotypic correlation

A

A measure of the strength of the relationship between performance in one trait and performance in another trait

24
Q

Environmental correlation

A

A measure of the strength of the relationship between environmental effects on one trait and environmental effects on another trait

25
Q

Magnitude

A

Is this a strong relationship for a weak relationship

26
Q

What are the 3 ways to classify correlations

A

Strength (strong or weak)
Sign (pos or neg)
Favorable or unfavorable

27
Q

Direct response to selection

A

Genetic change in a trait resulting from selection for that trait

28
Q

Direct selection

A

Selection for a trait as a means of improving that same trait

29
Q

Indirect selection

A

Selection for one trait as a means of improving a genetically correlated trait

30
Q

When can indirect selection be helpful

A

For a trait that is difficult or expensive measure

31
Q

Selection intensity

A

Selecting for a continuous trait may have greater selection intensity than the trait of interest if the trait of interest is a threshold trait

32
Q

Indicator traits

A

A trait that may or may not be important in itself, but is selected for as a way of improving some other genetically correlated trats

33
Q

Single trait selection

A

selection for a single trait

34
Q

Multiple trait selection

A

Selection for more than one trait

35
Q

Aggregate breeding value OR net merit

A

The breeding value of an individual for a combination of traits

36
Q

Tandem Selection

A

Selection for one trait then another
Easiest form of multiple selection

37
Q

Selection target

A

A level of breeding value considered optimal in an absolute or practical sense

38
Q

Independent culling levels

A

Minimum standards for traits undergoing multiple trait selection. Animals failing to meet any one standard are rejected regardless of merit in other traits

39
Q

Economic selection indexes

A

An index or combination of weighting factors and genetic information either phenotypic data or genetic predictions on more than one trait. Economic selection indexes are used in multiple trait selection to predict aggregate breeding value

40
Q

Selection indexes

A

A single number that predicts the BV of an individual for a weighted combination of traits

41
Q

Economic weight

A

the change in aggregate breeding value due to an independent one unit increase in performance of a trait

42
Q

Phenotypic selection index

A

a form of economic selection index used with phenotypic selection. In the classic form of phenotypic index, the traits in the index are identical to the traits in the breeding objective

43
Q

What multiple trait selection method has the greatest chance of increasing the aggregate breeding value?

A

Economic selection index

Animal Breeding (6 decks)

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