Nutrition Final Flashcards
Energy feeds
Starches and fats
§< 20% CP, <18% CF or < 35% CW §may be ensiled
§Carbonaceous
Energy feeds examples
All cereal grains & sorghums
o By product feeds ü Bran
ü Middlings ü Cobs
ü Molasses
Protein supplements
≥ 20% CP
Protein supplements of plant origin
üSoybean Meal
üCottonseed Meal
üCorn Gluten Meal
üBrewer’s Dried Grains
Protein supplement of animal origin
-meat and bone meal
-fish meal
-whey protein
-poultry meal
Fibourous feeds
-Dry forages and roughages
Fresh, dried or ensiled
Ø Includes the leaves, stems and stalks
Ø Used to describe the whole plant
Ø Pasture, hay and silage
Ø Low in energy (per unit weight) due to high CW
Pasture
Pasture
* Must be fenced
* Used while actively growing
* Harvested by livestock
Silage
- Ensiledforage * Corn,Alfalfa,
Grass
Hay dm percentage
82-85%DM
High mosuture silage dm percentage
≤ 30% DM
Medium Moisture silage DM percentage
30 – 40% DM
Low-moisture silage (haylage, baleage, wilted) dm percentage
40-60%
Dry forage objectives
Reduce moisture content to 15 – 18%.
* Low moisture retards enzymatic and
microbial degradation during storage.
Mowing
Step 1
§cut hay at the right time.
§3-5 days of sunny weather.
Mower Conditioner
cuts the grass and feeds it through rubber rollers that crimp, or condition, the grass. The crimping process breaks the stalk open, allowing the moisture to better evaporate. The mower conditioner drops the grass in windrows.
Macerate
Step 2
“Super Condition”
§Crimps forage every 1/8 inch (mower crimps every 4 inches)
§Dries faster
Tedding
Step 3
Takes hay out of windrows and spreads flat
across the field.
§Allows forage to dry faster.
Raking
Step 4
Usually takes 3-4 days to dry.
§Raking moves forage back into windrows, or
to turn over the drying windrows.
§It is then ready to be picked up by the baler
Bailing
Step 5
-watch moisture content
Hauling and Stacking
Step 6
Bales are loaded onto
wagons and hauled to a storage location
Phase I of silage preservation
-celle respiration (production on co2, heat and water)
-Temp-70 degrees Fahrenheit
-pH change-6.0-6.5
-days 1-2
Phase II silage preservation
-production of acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol
-temp-90 degrees farenheit
ph-5.0
days 2-3
Phase III silage preservation
-lactic acid formation
ph is approx 4.0
days 3-21
Phase IV silage preservation
Material storage
temp 85 fatenheig