Exam 1 Flashcards
Tissue
group of many cells that work together to perform a specific function
organ system
group of organs working together to perform major functions to meet the physiological needs of the body
bacteria
single celled organisms
Cell
smallest independtly functioning unit
organ
anatomically distinct structure composed of two or more tissue types. Each organ performs a specific physiological function
nutrients
Complex molecules of varying molecular structure
What are the six nutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, minerals and vitamins
carbohydrates
C, H and O energy source and storage
proteins
amino acids as building blocks; energy source
Water
all rxs occur in water; all cells bathed in water
Lipids
Insoluable in H2O; source of energy; membranes
Indespensible Nutritio
-essential to the animal
-must be provided in the diet
-cannot be synthesized by the animal
“conditionally indispensible”, not synthesized in sufficent quantities
Nutrients may be
-a source of energy
-required in large or small amounts
-organic or inorganic
DIspensible Nutrition
-do not need to include in the diet
-synthesized by the animal
-still considered essential
What two things do only a plant cell have
1.) a rigid cell wall
2.)chloroplasts-photosynthesis
How do plants store energy
starch
How do animals store energy
they store it as glycogen or triglycerides
What does fiber provide microbes with
fermentative capacity
Research Bytes:Sugar Alternative
saccharin and sucralose seem to impact our body
it also showes the food we consume alters our gut microbiome.
In plants where are carbohydrates present in
-the cell contents as sugar or starch
-the cell wall as cellulose and hemicellulose
Carbohydrates (CHO) Charecterisitics
-comprise 60% and 90% of the DM in plants
-contains C, H and O
-Basic energy source in animals cells
- constitute greatest proportion of the diets for herbivores
What do carbohydrates provide in plants
cellulose and hemicellulose (water-insoluable) provide stability and mechanical firmness
What is nutrition
science that interpreys the interaction of nutrients that affect maintenace, growth, reproduction, lactation, and health
what does nutrition focus on
the metabolic pathways through which molecues inside us are transformed from one form to another