Nutrition Final Flashcards
1
Q
What are some HIGH RESIDUE foods?
A
- whole grain breads and cereals
- raw fruits and vegetables
2
Q
When should you AVOID HIGH RESIDUE foods?
A
with a LOW FIBER diet
3
Q
What type of foods should you AVOID with ANOREXIA?
A
HIGH FAT and HIGH SODIUM
4
Q
With ANOREXIA, what should you HOLD 30 minutes before meals?
A
beverages
5
Q
What should be INCREASED with ANOREXIA?
A
PROTEIN and CALORIES
- liquid supplements in between meals
6
Q
What are EARLY manifestations of dumping syndrome?
A
10-20 minutes after eating
- faintness
- syncope
- diaphoresis
- tachycardia
- hypotension
- flushing
7
Q
What are LATE manifestations of dumping syndrome?
A
1-3 hours after eating
- diaphoresis
- weakness
- tremors
- anxiety
- nausea
- hunger
8
Q
What foods should you avoid with DUMPING SYNDROME?
A
- concentrated sugars and lactose
9
Q
With GERD, how long should you wait after eating to lay down?
A
3 hours
10
Q
What should you INCREASE with an ILEOSTOMY?
A
- fluids
- soluble fiber
- calories
- protein
11
Q
What should be INCREASED with IBD?
A
- protein
- calories
12
Q
Should PROTEIN be increased or decreased with liver problems?
A
increased
13
Q
Should you drink fluids with meals when experiencing nausea?
A
NO
14
Q
What is the sole source of nutrition for the first 6 months of life?
A
breast milk or formula
15
Q
When is supplemental iron needed in babies?
A
after 4 months
16
Q
How many minutes should a newborn nurse on each breast?
A
15 minutes
17
Q
How long can breast milk be stored in the refrigerator? In the freezer?
A
R: 24 hours
F: 3 months
18
Q
What are appropriate finger foods for an infant?
A
- ripe bananas
- toast strips
- graham crackers
- cheese cubes
- noodles
- peeled apples/pears/peaches
19
Q
What are the manifestations of malnutrition?
A
- hair loss
- pitting edema
- wasted appearance
20
Q
How much FIBER should be eaten in a day for men and women?
A
W: 25 g
M: 38 g
21
Q
What fruits/vegetables are HIGH in VITAMIN C?
A
- oranges/lemons (citrus)
- tomatoes
- peppers
- green leafy veggies
- strawberries
22
Q
What are NIACIN RICH foods?
A
- meats
- legumes
- milk
- whole grain/enriched bread and cereals
23
Q
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN B6?
A
- meats
- grains
- legumes
24
Q
What foods are HIGH in FOLATE?
A
- liver
- dark green leafy veggies
- orange juice
- legumes
25
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN B12?
- meat
- shellfish
- eggs
- dairy
26
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN A?
- fatty fish
- egg yolks
- butter
- crema
- dark yellow/orange fruits and veggies (carrots, yams, apricots, squash, cantaloupe)
27
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN D?
- fatty fish
- eggs
- ready to eat cereals
- milk
- orange juice
28
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN E?
- vegetable oils
- nuts
29
What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN K?
- carrots
- eggs
- dark green veggies
30
What foods are HIGH in POTASSIUM?
- oranges
- dried fruit
- tomatoes
- avocados
- dried peas
- meat
- broccoli
- bananas
- dairy
- whole grains
- potatoes
31
What foods are HIGH in CALCIUM?
- dairy
- broccoli
- kale
- fortified grains
32
What foods are HIGH in MAGNESIUM?
- green leafy vegetables
- nuts
- whole grains
- tuna
- halibut
- chocolate
33
What foods are HIGH in PHOSPHORUS?
- peanut butter
- dried beans/peas
- bran
- cola
- chocolate
- beer
- grains
34
What vitamin increased the absorption of iron?
Vitamin C
35
What vitamins should be INCREASED with AMD?
- antioxidants
- carotene
- Vitamins E and B12
36
For enteral nutrition, what should you consider doing if the patient is experiencing diarrhea?
- decrease flow rate or total volume
- administer at room temperature
37
How should you unclog tubing for enteral nutrition?
- gentle pressure
- 30-50 ml warm water
- 60 ml piston syringe
38
What should you increase with COPD?
calories
39
What is the normal TOTAL CHOLESTEROL?
<200
40
What is the normal LDL level?
<130
41
What is the normal HDL level?
F: >55
M: >45
42
What is the normal TRIGLYCERIDE level?
M: 40-160
F: 35-135
43
What is the normal PREALBUMIN level?
15-36
44
If a patient has a metallic taste in their mouth when eating, what should be recommended?
- tart foods
- plastic utensils
- mints, candy, gum
45
What percentage of daily caloric intake should carbohydrates be with DM?
45-65%
46
How many mg/day should sodium be limited to with DM?
2300
47
How to meet carbohydrate needs with DM?
soft foods 6-8 times/day
- custard
- cream soup
- gelatin
- graham crackers
48
How are EN continuous infusions administered?
at a continuous rate over 24 hours
49
How often should residuals be measured with EN?
every 4-6 hours
50
How often should feeding tubes be flushed and with what?
every 4 hours with at least 30 ml of water
51
What amount of residual constitutes withholding a feeding?
250 ml on 2 consecutive measurements
52
How are EN cyclic feedings administered?
over 8-20 hours, often during sleeping hours
53
How are EN intermittent feedings administered?
- every 4-6 hours
- 250-400 ml
- over 30-60 mins
54
How are EN bolus feedings administered?
- 250-400 ml (max 700)
- large syringe attached to feeding tube
over short period of time (5-30 mins)
- 4-6 times daily
55
How/when should you verify tube placement for feedings?
- before feedings
- radiography
56
What foods should you AVOID when taking MAOI's?
tyramine foods
57
What foods are tyramine-rich?
- aged cheese
- pepperoni
- salami
- avocados
- figs
- bananas
- smoked fish
- beers/red wine
58
How should you feed a baby with an isolated cleft lip?
- encourage breast feeding
- wide based nipple for bottle feeding
- squeeze cheeks together
59
How should you feed a baby with a cleft palate/cleft lip and palate?
- upright
- bottle with one-way valve
- burp frequently
- possible syringe feeding
60
What is a normal kcal intake per day?
at least 1500
61
What does the DASH diet encourage?
- low sodium (eventually 1500 mg)
- eat low fat dairy (promotes calcium intake)
- eat fruits and veggies high in potassium (apricots, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes)
62
What vitamin deficiencies are vegetarians/vegans at risk for?
- B12
- D
- iron
- calcium
- zinc
63
What religions participate in some type of fasting?
- Islam
- Roman Catholicism
- Seventh-day Adventist
- Judaism
64
What religions do not eat pork?
- seventh-day adventist
- judaism
- islam
- hindu
- buddhism
65
What religions participate in a Kosher diet?
- judaism
- islam
66
How much should calories be increased in the second trimester?
340
67
How much should calories be increased in the third trimester?
452
68
For someone of a normal weight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?
25-35 lbs
69
For someone who is underweight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?
28-40 lbs
70
For someone who is overweight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?
15-25 lbs
71
For someone who is obese, how much should be gained during pregnancy?
11-20 lbs
72
How much folic acid should be consumed during pregnancy? During lactation?
P: 600
L: 500
73
What can be eaten/drank in a clear liquid diet?
- water
- tea
- coffee
- fat-free broth
- carbonated beverages
- clear juices
- gelatin
74
What can be eaten/drank in a full liquid diet?
- plain ice cream
- strained cereals
75
What foods can be eaten/drank in a mechanical soft diet?
- ground meats
- canned fruits
- softly cooked veggies
76
What are the levels of solid textures for the dysphagia diet?
- pureed
- mechanically altered
- advanced
77
What are examples of thin liquids?
- clear juices
- frozen yogurt
- ice cream
- milk
- soda
- broth
78
What are examples of nectar liquids?
- nectars
- cream soups
- buttermilk
- milkshake
79
What are examples of honey liquids?
- honey
- tomato sauce
- yogurt
80
What are examples of spoon thick liquids?
- pudding
- custard
- hot cereal
81
What foods are HIGH in omega-3 fatty acids?
- fish
- flaxseed
- soybeans
- canola
- walnuts
82
What foods are high in fiber?
- oats
- beans
- fruits
- veggies
- whole grains
- barley
- flaxseed
83
What type of foods should you LIMIT to prevent CHD?
- trans fat
- saturated fat
- cholesterol
84
What type of foods should you INCREASE to prevent CHD?
- fiber
- carbs
- omega 3 fatty acids
85
What type of food should you INCREASE with HF?
protein (1.12g/kg/day)
86
What type of diet is indicated for 24 hrs after an MI?
liquid
87
What foods are good sources of IRON?
- meat/fish/poultry/tofu
- dried peas/beans
- whole grains
- dried fruits
88
Why should HIGH-FAT foods be AVOIDED with N/V?
they are hard to digest
89
What vitamin deficiency might be experienced with GASTRITIS?
vitamin B12
90
What vitamin deficiency might be experienced with LACTOSE INTOLERANCE?
Vitamin D and calcium
91
What type of diet can help prevent diverticulosis/diverticulitis?
high-fiber
92
Intake of what should be LIMITED with CHOLECYSTITIS?
fat
93
What disease diet is characterized by low-fat, high-protein, and high-carb given through an NG tube?
pancreatitis
94
What should be RESTRICTED with CKD?
- potassium
- sodium
- protein
- phosphorus
95
How many oz of meat can be eaten with CKD?
M: 5-6
F: 4
96
How much dairy can be eaten with CKD?
1/2 cup
97
What is the Somogyi phenomenon?
morning hyperglycemia in response to nighttime hypoglycemia
98
What is the dawn phenomenon?
a rise in glucose from 0500-0600
99
Can artificial sweeteners be used with DM?
yes
100
What foods contain 15g of carbohydrates?
- 1 slice of sandwich bread
- 1/2 cup of cooked pasta
- 1/2 cup canned fruit in juice (not syrup)
- 1/4 cup dried fruit
- 3 cups raw vegetables
- 1 1/2 cups cooked vegetables
- 4-6 snack crackers
- 1/2 cup regular ice cream
101
What should be INCREASED with CANCER?
- protein
- calories
102
What should be eaten to PREVENT CANCER?
- fiber
- fruits and veggies
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- whole grains
- polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
103
What should be INCREASED with HIV/AIDS?
- protein
- calories
