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Nutrition Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some HIGH RESIDUE foods?

A
  • whole grain breads and cereals
  • raw fruits and vegetables
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2
Q

When should you AVOID HIGH RESIDUE foods?

A

with a LOW FIBER diet

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3
Q

What type of foods should you AVOID with ANOREXIA?

A

HIGH FAT and HIGH SODIUM

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4
Q

With ANOREXIA, what should you HOLD 30 minutes before meals?

A

beverages

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5
Q

What should be INCREASED with ANOREXIA?

A

PROTEIN and CALORIES
- liquid supplements in between meals

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6
Q

What are EARLY manifestations of dumping syndrome?

A

10-20 minutes after eating
- faintness
- syncope
- diaphoresis
- tachycardia
- hypotension
- flushing

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7
Q

What are LATE manifestations of dumping syndrome?

A

1-3 hours after eating
- diaphoresis
- weakness
- tremors
- anxiety
- nausea
- hunger

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8
Q

What foods should you avoid with DUMPING SYNDROME?

A
  • concentrated sugars and lactose
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9
Q

With GERD, how long should you wait after eating to lay down?

A

3 hours

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10
Q

What should you INCREASE with an ILEOSTOMY?

A
  • fluids
  • soluble fiber
  • calories
  • protein
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11
Q

What should be INCREASED with IBD?

A
  • protein
  • calories
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12
Q

Should PROTEIN be increased or decreased with liver problems?

A

increased

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13
Q

Should you drink fluids with meals when experiencing nausea?

A

NO

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14
Q

What is the sole source of nutrition for the first 6 months of life?

A

breast milk or formula

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15
Q

When is supplemental iron needed in babies?

A

after 4 months

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16
Q

How many minutes should a newborn nurse on each breast?

A

15 minutes

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17
Q

How long can breast milk be stored in the refrigerator? In the freezer?

A

R: 24 hours
F: 3 months

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18
Q

What are appropriate finger foods for an infant?

A
  • ripe bananas
  • toast strips
  • graham crackers
  • cheese cubes
  • noodles
  • peeled apples/pears/peaches
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19
Q

What are the manifestations of malnutrition?

A
  • hair loss
  • pitting edema
  • wasted appearance
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20
Q

How much FIBER should be eaten in a day for men and women?

A

W: 25 g
M: 38 g

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21
Q

What fruits/vegetables are HIGH in VITAMIN C?

A
  • oranges/lemons (citrus)
  • tomatoes
  • peppers
  • green leafy veggies
  • strawberries
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22
Q

What are NIACIN RICH foods?

A
  • meats
  • legumes
  • milk
  • whole grain/enriched bread and cereals
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23
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN B6?

A
  • meats
  • grains
  • legumes
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24
Q

What foods are HIGH in FOLATE?

A
  • liver
  • dark green leafy veggies
  • orange juice
  • legumes
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25
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN B12?

A
  • meat
  • shellfish
  • eggs
  • dairy
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26
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN A?

A
  • fatty fish
  • egg yolks
  • butter
  • crema
  • dark yellow/orange fruits and veggies (carrots, yams, apricots, squash, cantaloupe)
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27
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN D?

A
  • fatty fish
  • eggs
  • ready to eat cereals
  • milk
  • orange juice
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28
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN E?

A
  • vegetable oils
  • nuts
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29
Q

What foods are HIGH in VITAMIN K?

A
  • carrots
  • eggs
  • dark green veggies
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30
Q

What foods are HIGH in POTASSIUM?

A
  • oranges
  • dried fruit
  • tomatoes
  • avocados
  • dried peas
  • meat
  • broccoli
  • bananas
  • dairy
  • whole grains
  • potatoes
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31
Q

What foods are HIGH in CALCIUM?

A
  • dairy
  • broccoli
  • kale
  • fortified grains
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32
Q

What foods are HIGH in MAGNESIUM?

A
  • green leafy vegetables
  • nuts
  • whole grains
  • tuna
  • halibut
  • chocolate
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33
Q

What foods are HIGH in PHOSPHORUS?

A
  • peanut butter
  • dried beans/peas
  • bran
  • cola
  • chocolate
  • beer
  • grains
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34
Q

What vitamin increased the absorption of iron?

A

Vitamin C

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35
Q

What vitamins should be INCREASED with AMD?

A
  • antioxidants
  • carotene
  • Vitamins E and B12
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36
Q

For enteral nutrition, what should you consider doing if the patient is experiencing diarrhea?

A
  • decrease flow rate or total volume
  • administer at room temperature
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37
Q

How should you unclog tubing for enteral nutrition?

A
  • gentle pressure
  • 30-50 ml warm water
  • 60 ml piston syringe
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38
Q

What should you increase with COPD?

A

calories

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39
Q

What is the normal TOTAL CHOLESTEROL?

A

<200

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40
Q

What is the normal LDL level?

A

<130

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41
Q

What is the normal HDL level?

A

F: >55
M: >45

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42
Q

What is the normal TRIGLYCERIDE level?

A

M: 40-160
F: 35-135

43
Q

What is the normal PREALBUMIN level?

A

15-36

44
Q

If a patient has a metallic taste in their mouth when eating, what should be recommended?

A
  • tart foods
  • plastic utensils
  • mints, candy, gum
45
Q

What percentage of daily caloric intake should carbohydrates be with DM?

A

45-65%

46
Q

How many mg/day should sodium be limited to with DM?

A

2300

47
Q

How to meet carbohydrate needs with DM?

A

soft foods 6-8 times/day
- custard
- cream soup
- gelatin
- graham crackers

48
Q

How are EN continuous infusions administered?

A

at a continuous rate over 24 hours

49
Q

How often should residuals be measured with EN?

A

every 4-6 hours

50
Q

How often should feeding tubes be flushed and with what?

A

every 4 hours with at least 30 ml of water

51
Q

What amount of residual constitutes withholding a feeding?

A

250 ml on 2 consecutive measurements

52
Q

How are EN cyclic feedings administered?

A

over 8-20 hours, often during sleeping hours

53
Q

How are EN intermittent feedings administered?

A
  • every 4-6 hours
  • 250-400 ml
  • over 30-60 mins
54
Q

How are EN bolus feedings administered?

A
  • 250-400 ml (max 700)
  • large syringe attached to feeding tube
    over short period of time (5-30 mins)
  • 4-6 times daily
55
Q

How/when should you verify tube placement for feedings?

A
  • before feedings
  • radiography
56
Q

What foods should you AVOID when taking MAOI’s?

A

tyramine foods

57
Q

What foods are tyramine-rich?

A
  • aged cheese
  • pepperoni
  • salami
  • avocados
  • figs
  • bananas
  • smoked fish
  • beers/red wine
58
Q

How should you feed a baby with an isolated cleft lip?

A
  • encourage breast feeding
  • wide based nipple for bottle feeding
  • squeeze cheeks together
59
Q

How should you feed a baby with a cleft palate/cleft lip and palate?

A
  • upright
  • bottle with one-way valve
  • burp frequently
  • possible syringe feeding
60
Q

What is a normal kcal intake per day?

A

at least 1500

61
Q

What does the DASH diet encourage?

A
  • low sodium (eventually 1500 mg)
  • eat low fat dairy (promotes calcium intake)
  • eat fruits and veggies high in potassium (apricots, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes)
62
Q

What vitamin deficiencies are vegetarians/vegans at risk for?

A
  • B12
  • D
  • iron
  • calcium
  • zinc
63
Q

What religions participate in some type of fasting?

A
  • Islam
  • Roman Catholicism
  • Seventh-day Adventist
  • Judaism
64
Q

What religions do not eat pork?

A
  • seventh-day adventist
  • judaism
  • islam
  • hindu
  • buddhism
65
Q

What religions participate in a Kosher diet?

A
  • judaism
  • islam
66
Q

How much should calories be increased in the second trimester?

A

340

67
Q

How much should calories be increased in the third trimester?

A

452

68
Q

For someone of a normal weight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?

A

25-35 lbs

69
Q

For someone who is underweight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?

A

28-40 lbs

70
Q

For someone who is overweight, how much should be gained during pregnancy?

A

15-25 lbs

71
Q

For someone who is obese, how much should be gained during pregnancy?

A

11-20 lbs

72
Q

How much folic acid should be consumed during pregnancy? During lactation?

A

P: 600
L: 500

73
Q

What can be eaten/drank in a clear liquid diet?

A
  • water
  • tea
  • coffee
  • fat-free broth
  • carbonated beverages
  • clear juices
  • gelatin
74
Q

What can be eaten/drank in a full liquid diet?

A
  • plain ice cream
  • strained cereals
75
Q

What foods can be eaten/drank in a mechanical soft diet?

A
  • ground meats
  • canned fruits
  • softly cooked veggies
76
Q

What are the levels of solid textures for the dysphagia diet?

A
  • pureed
  • mechanically altered
  • advanced
77
Q

What are examples of thin liquids?

A
  • clear juices
  • frozen yogurt
  • ice cream
  • milk
  • soda
  • broth
78
Q

What are examples of nectar liquids?

A
  • nectars
  • cream soups
  • buttermilk
  • milkshake
79
Q

What are examples of honey liquids?

A
  • honey
  • tomato sauce
  • yogurt
80
Q

What are examples of spoon thick liquids?

A
  • pudding
  • custard
  • hot cereal
81
Q

What foods are HIGH in omega-3 fatty acids?

A
  • fish
  • flaxseed
  • soybeans
  • canola
  • walnuts
82
Q

What foods are high in fiber?

A
  • oats
  • beans
  • fruits
  • veggies
  • whole grains
  • barley
  • flaxseed
83
Q

What type of foods should you LIMIT to prevent CHD?

A
  • trans fat
  • saturated fat
  • cholesterol
84
Q

What type of foods should you INCREASE to prevent CHD?

A
  • fiber
  • carbs
  • omega 3 fatty acids
85
Q

What type of food should you INCREASE with HF?

A

protein (1.12g/kg/day)

86
Q

What type of diet is indicated for 24 hrs after an MI?

A

liquid

87
Q

What foods are good sources of IRON?

A
  • meat/fish/poultry/tofu
  • dried peas/beans
  • whole grains
  • dried fruits
88
Q

Why should HIGH-FAT foods be AVOIDED with N/V?

A

they are hard to digest

89
Q

What vitamin deficiency might be experienced with GASTRITIS?

A

vitamin B12

90
Q

What vitamin deficiency might be experienced with LACTOSE INTOLERANCE?

A

Vitamin D and calcium

91
Q

What type of diet can help prevent diverticulosis/diverticulitis?

A

high-fiber

92
Q

Intake of what should be LIMITED with CHOLECYSTITIS?

A

fat

93
Q

What disease diet is characterized by low-fat, high-protein, and high-carb given through an NG tube?

A

pancreatitis

94
Q

What should be RESTRICTED with CKD?

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • protein
  • phosphorus
95
Q

How many oz of meat can be eaten with CKD?

A

M: 5-6
F: 4

96
Q

How much dairy can be eaten with CKD?

A

1/2 cup

97
Q

What is the Somogyi phenomenon?

A

morning hyperglycemia in response to nighttime hypoglycemia

98
Q

What is the dawn phenomenon?

A

a rise in glucose from 0500-0600

99
Q

Can artificial sweeteners be used with DM?

A

yes

100
Q

What foods contain 15g of carbohydrates?

A
  • 1 slice of sandwich bread
  • 1/2 cup of cooked pasta
  • 1/2 cup canned fruit in juice (not syrup)
  • 1/4 cup dried fruit
  • 3 cups raw vegetables
  • 1 1/2 cups cooked vegetables
  • 4-6 snack crackers
  • 1/2 cup regular ice cream
101
Q

What should be INCREASED with CANCER?

A
  • protein
  • calories
102
Q

What should be eaten to PREVENT CANCER?

A
  • fiber
  • fruits and veggies
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • whole grains
  • polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
103
Q

What should be INCREASED with HIV/AIDS?

A
  • protein
  • calories

Level 2 (8 decks)

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