nutrition EXEM Flashcards
Which diet is most appropriate for a patient who has difficulty swallowing solid foods but can tolerate liquids?
A) Regular diet
B) Mechanical soft diet
C) Clear liquid diet
D) Full liquid diet
Answer: D
Rationale: A full liquid diet provides more variety and nutrition than a clear liquid diet and is appropriate for patients who have difficulty swallowing solids
What is a key risk factor for obesity?
A) High levels of physical activity
B) Sedentary lifestyle
C) Low protein intake
D) Excess fluid intake
Answer: B
Rationale: A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for obesity due to reduced calorie expenditure
Which of the following lab values would most likely indicate iron deficiency anemia?
A) High hematocrit
B) Low hemoglobin
C) High red blood cell (RBC) count
D) Low white blood cell (WBC) count
Answer: B
Rationale: Low hemoglobin is a common finding in iron deficiency anemia due to insufficient iron to support hemoglobin production
Which diet includes foods that require minimal chewing and is often prescribed for patients with dental issues?
A) Regular diet
B) Mechanical soft diet
C) Clear liquid diet
D) Full liquid diet
Answer: B
Rationale: A mechanical soft diet includes foods that require minimal chewing, making it suitable for patients with dental issues
Which of the following is an early clinical manifestation of malnutrition?
A) Muscle weakness
B) High energy levels
C) Rapid weight gain
D) Hyperactive reflexes
Answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness is an early sign of malnutrition due to inadequate nutrient intake to support muscle function
What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with dysphagia?
A) Encourage fast eating to avoid fatigue
B) Position the patient upright during meals
C) Offer water with a straw for easy drinking
D) Use a clear liquid diet only
Answer: B
Rationale: Positioning the patient upright during meals reduces the risk of aspiration, which is essential in managing dysphagia
Which type of diet is most appropriate post-operatively to prevent dehydration?
A) Regular diet
B) Clear liquid diet
C) Soft diet
D) Full liquid diet
Answer: B
Rationale: A clear liquid diet is often used post-operatively as it provides fluids to prevent dehydration while minimizing digestive work
What is the primary function of iron in the body?
A) Bone development
B) Oxygen transport
C) Electrolyte balance
D) Fluid balance
Answer: B
Rationale: Iron is essential for oxygen transport, as it is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells
Which is a recommended intervention for a patient on a mechanical soft diet?
A) Include raw vegetables
B) Provide whole grains
C) Offer pureed meats and cooked vegetables
D) Limit fluid intake
Answer: C
Rationale: A mechanical soft diet includes foods that are easy to chew and swallow, such as pureed meats and cooked vegetables
For a patient with iron deficiency anemia, which dietary source is rich in non-heme iron?
A) Milk
B) Leafy green vegetables
C) Beef liver
D) Fish
Answer: B
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are a good source of non-heme iron, which is plant-derived iron
Patients on a full liquid diet can consume foods like ice cream and strained soups.
Answer: True
Rationale: Full liquid diets include foods that are liquid at room temperature, such as ice cream and strained soups
Dysphagia is commonly seen in patients with neurological disorders
Answer: True
Rationale: Dysphagia often occurs in patients with neurological disorders, which can impair swallowing reflexes
A high-calorie diet is generally recommended for patients with obesity
Answer: False
Rationale: A calorie-restricted diet is typically recommended for weight loss in patients with obesity
Iron supplements are best absorbed when taken with vitamin C-rich foods.
Answer: True
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, especially for non-heme (plant-based) iron sources
A clear liquid diet provides adequate protein for long-term nutrition.
Answer: False
Rationale: A clear liquid diet lacks adequate protein and is not suitable for long-term nutrition
Which foods are allowed on a clear liquid diet? (Select all that apply)
A) Broth
B) Gelatin
C) Pudding
D) Popsicles
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: A clear liquid diet includes broth, gelatin, and popsicles but does not include foods like pudding, which is a full liquid
Which symptoms may indicate iron deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply)
A) Fatigue
B) Pallor
C) Brittle nails
D) High energy
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include fatigue, pallor, and brittle nails due to insufficient iron levels
What are the characteristics of a soft diet? (Select all that apply)
A) Easy to chew
B) Includes raw vegetables
C) Low in fiber
D) Includes tender meats
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: A soft diet includes foods that are easy to chew, low in fiber, and includes tender meats. Raw vegetables are typically excluded
Which are possible complications of untreated obesity? (Select all that apply)
A) Type 2 diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Coronary artery disease
D) Low blood pressure
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease
Which interventions are appropriate for patients with dysphagia to prevent aspiration? (Select all that apply)
A) Sit upright during meals
B) Offer thin liquids
C) Use a chin-tuck technique
D) Provide thickened liquids
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Sitting upright, using the chin-tuck technique, and providing thickened liquids can help prevent aspiration in dysphagia patients; thin liquids increase aspiration risk
What is the main nutritional concern for patients on a clear liquid diet?
A) Protein deficiency
B) Vitamin C deficiency
C) Electrolyte imbalance
D) Fiber deficiency
Answer: A
Rationale: Clear liquid diets lack protein, which can lead to protein deficiency if the diet is prolonged
Which diet modification might be appropriate for a patient with severe malnutrition?
A) Clear liquid diet
B) High-calorie, high-protein diet
C) Low-sodium diet
D) Low-calorie diet
Answer: B
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-protein diet can help address the nutritional deficits associated with malnutrition
Which food is a good source of heme iron?
A) Lentils
B) Spinach
C) Chicken liver
D) Whole grains
Answer: C
Rationale: Heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body, is found in animal sources like chicken liver
For a patient experiencing excess nutrition (over-nutrition), which of the following is a priority?
A) Increase protein intake
B) Caloric restriction
C) Low-carb diet
D) Clear liquid diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Caloric restriction helps manage excess nutrition by reducing energy intake
