elimination Flashcards
Which of the following best defines the concept of elimination?
A) The process of absorbing nutrients in the intestines.
B) The excretion of waste products from the kidneys and intestines.
C) The filtration of blood through the liver.
D) The process of digesting food in the stomach.
Answer: B
Rationale: Elimination involves the excretion of waste products from the body through urinary and bowel functions
Which condition is characterized by urinary retention due to prostate enlargement?
A) Clostridium difficile infection
B) Constipation
C) Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH)
D) Urinary incontinence
Answer: C
Rationale: BPH causes an enlarged prostate, which can obstruct urine flow, leading to urinary retention
What is a common risk factor for constipation in the elderly?
A) High fluid intake
B) Immobility
C) Use of laxatives
D) High-fiber diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Immobility is a significant risk factor for constipation, especially in the elderly
Which diagnostic test is most appropriate to evaluate for urinary retention?
A) Serum creatinine
B) Bladder scan
C) Colonoscopy
D) Abdominal X-ray
Answer: B
Rationale: A bladder scan can assess the amount of urine retained in the bladder, useful in evaluating urinary retention
What is the primary treatment for Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
A) Laxatives
B) Antibiotics
C) Anti-diarrheals
D) Stool softeners
Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics are used to treat C. diff, a bacterial infection causing severe diarrhea
Which of the following is a physiological positive outcome of normal elimination?
A) Malnutrition
B) Constipation
C) Homeostasis
D) Bowel incontinence
Answer: C
Rationale: Homeostasis is a positive physiological outcome resulting from effective elimination
What type of medication is commonly used to treat urinary retention associated with BPH?
A) Laxative
B) Alpha-adrenergic blocker
C) Antibiotic
D) Antiemetic
Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha-adrenergic blockers help relax the bladder neck and prostate, easing urinary retention in BPH patients
What is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
A) Frequent fluid intake
B) Catheterization
C) High fiber intake
D) Low protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Catheterization increases the risk of UTIs due to potential bacterial entry through the urethra
Which assessment finding is most indicative of dehydration secondary to diarrhea?
A) Increased urinary output
B) Hypotension
C) Bradycardia
D) High blood glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotension is a common finding in dehydration, often caused by fluid loss due to diarrhea
What is the recommended first-line intervention for a patient with constipation?
A) Increased fiber and fluid intake
B) Anti-diarrheal medication
C) Restricting fluids
D) Reducing dietary fiber
Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fiber and fluid intake can help alleviate constipation by promoting bowel movement
Urinary incontinence is more prevalent in geriatric populations than in younger adults.
Answer: True
Rationale: Urinary incontinence is commonly seen in older adults due to age-related changes in the urinary system
Stool softeners are the first-line treatment for diarrhea.
Answer: False
Rationale: Stool softeners are not used for diarrhea; they are used to ease constipation by softening stools
Normal peristalsis is necessary for effective bowel elimination.
Answer: True
Rationale: Peristalsis, the wave-like muscle contractions in the intestines, is essential for moving waste through the digestive tract
Urinary retention is a common symptom of Clostridium difficile infection.
Answer: False
Rationale: Urinary retention is not associated with C. diff; the primary symptom of C. diff is diarrhea
An adequate hydration level is important to prevent urinary and bowel elimination problems.
Answer: True
Rationale: Proper hydration is essential to support both urinary and bowel elimination
Which of the following are common risk factors for constipation? (Select all that apply)
A) Immobility
B) High fluid intake
C) Low fiber diet
D) Use of certain medications
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Immobility, a low-fiber diet, and certain medications, such as opioids, can contribute to constipation
Which symptoms are commonly associated with urinary retention in BPH? (Select all that apply)
A) Dribbling of urine
B) High urinary output
C) Difficulty initiating urination
D) Urgent need to urinate
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Dribbling, difficulty initiating urination, and urgency are common in urinary retention due to BPH
Which nursing interventions promote normal bowel elimination? (Select all that apply)
A) Encourage adequate fluid intake
B) Recommend high-fiber foods
C) Promote physical activity
D) Advise use of anti-diarrheals regularly
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Fluid intake, fiber, and physical activity promote regular bowel elimination, while regular use of anti-diarrheals is not recommended
For a patient with urinary incontinence, which interventions should be considered? (Select all that apply)
A) Scheduled toileting
B) Restricting fluid intake
C) Bladder training exercises
D) Use of absorbent pads
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Scheduled toileting, bladder training, and absorbent pads are useful interventions for urinary incontinence; restricting fluid can exacerbate dehydration
Which conditions are included under elimination disorders? (Select all that apply)
A) Urinary incontinence
B) Constipation
C) Hypertension
D) Bowel incontinence
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Urinary incontinence, constipation, and bowel incontinence are all related to elimination disorders
Which antecedent is required for normal elimination?
A) Presence of urinary catheter
B) Adequate hydration
C) Low fiber intake
D) Urinary retention
Answer: B
Rationale: Adequate hydration is necessary for healthy elimination processes
Which medication would most likely be prescribed to relieve constipation?
A) Alpha-adrenergic blocker
B) Laxative
C) Antibiotic
D) Antidiarrheal
Answer: B
Rationale: Laxatives are used to relieve constipation by promoting bowel movement
What type of diet is recommended to prevent constipation?
A) Low-fiber diet
B) High-protein diet
C) High-fiber diet
D) Low-sodium diet
Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fiber diet promotes bowel health and prevents constipation
Which assessment finding is indicative of a complication from BPH?
A) Anuria
B) Oliguria
C) High blood pressure
D) Fecal incontinence
Answer: B
Rationale: Oliguria, or reduced urine output, can be a complication of BPH due to urinary obstruction
In the management of C. difficile infection, which infection control measure is most critical?
A) Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer
B) Wearing gloves only
C) Handwashing with soap and water
D) Administering anti-diarrheals
Answer: C
Rationale: Handwashing with soap and water is essential for controlling the spread of C. difficile, as alcohol-based hand sanitizers are ineffective
What is a priority intervention for a patient with urinary incontinence?
A) Restrict fluids
B) Perform a comprehensive assessment
C) Increase fiber intake
D) Avoid bladder training
Answer: B
Rationale: A comprehensive assessment helps identify the cause of incontinence and guides interventions
Which condition is most commonly treated with an anti-diarrheal medication?
A) Urinary incontinence
B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) BPH
Answer: C
Rationale: Anti-diarrheals are used to manage diarrhea by reducing bowel movement frequency【
Which nursing intervention is essential after administering a laxative?
A) Encourage the patient to lie down immediately.
B) Restrict fluid intake.
C) Monitor for bowel movement.
D) Administer anti-diarrheals concurrently
Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring for a bowel movement is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the laxative
What is a primary factor contributing to the development of urinary incontinence in the elderly?
A) Increased activity
B) Increased bladder elasticity
C) Muscle weakness
D) Decreased urine production
Answer: C
Rationale: Muscle weakness contributes to urinary incontinence by reducing bladder and sphincter control
Which is a positive psychological outcome of effective elimination?
A) Increased anxiety
B) Improved self-esteem
C) Social withdrawal
D) Low fluid intake
Answer: B
Rationale: Improved self-esteem is a positive psychological outcome resulting from effective elimination
