ELimination EXEM Flashcards
Which condition is most likely to cause urinary retention due to an enlarged prostate?
A) Clostridium difficile
B) Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH)
C) Diarrhea
D) Urinary incontinence
Answer: B
Rationale: BPH can cause an enlarged prostate that obstructs urine flow, leading to urinary retention
Which is a common risk factor for developing constipation in elderly patients?
A) High fiber intake
B) Decreased physical activity
C) High fluid intake
D) Use of antibiotics
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased physical activity is a common risk factor for constipation, especially in elderly patients
What is the primary symptom of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
A) Urinary retention
B) Severe diarrhea
C) Constipation
D) Abdominal pain only
Answer: B
Rationale: C. diff infection primarily causes severe diarrhea, often leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Which intervention is most appropriate for managing urinary incontinence in geriatric patients?
A) Restrict fluid intake
B) Use of absorbent pads
C) Increased salt intake
D) Bedrest
Answer: B
Rationale: Absorbent pads are often used to manage urinary incontinence in older adults to help maintain hygiene and comfort
Which of the following conditions is often treated with alpha-adrenergic blockers to improve urinary flow?
A) Diarrhea
B) Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH)
C) Constipation
D) Clostridium difficile infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha-adrenergic blockers are used to treat BPH by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow
What is a common complication of chronic constipation in elderly patients?
A) Diarrhea
B) Urinary incontinence
C) Fecal impaction
D) Urinary retention
Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic constipation can lead to fecal impaction, especially in elderly patients
Which hygiene practice is essential in preventing the spread of Clostridium difficile in healthcare settings?
A) Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
B) Washing hands with soap and water
C) Wearing only a gown
D) Double-gloving
Answer: B
Rationale: Handwashing with soap and water is essential for removing C. difficile spores, as alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective
What symptom is commonly associated with BPH and urinary retention?
A) High urine output
B) Urge to urinate frequently with minimal urine output
C) Constant diarrhea
D) Abdominal distension due to bowel impaction
Answer: B
Rationale: BPH often causes an urge to urinate frequently with little output due to obstruction from the enlarged prostate
Which dietary change may help reduce the risk of constipation in elderly patients?
A) Decreasing fluid intake
B) Reducing fiber intake
C) Increasing fiber and fluid intake
D) Increasing protein intake
Answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fiber and fluid intake can promote bowel regularity and help prevent constipation
What is a primary cause of urinary incontinence in geriatric patients?
A) Increased fluid intake
B) Age-related weakening of pelvic floor muscles
C) Excessive exercise
D) High protein intake
Answer: B
Rationale: Age-related changes, including weakened pelvic floor muscles, are a primary cause of urinary incontinence in elderly patients
C. diff infections often lead to constipation in elderly patients.
Answer: False
Rationale: C. diff infections cause diarrhea, not constipation
Urinary retention can lead to bladder infection if not managed promptly.
Answer: True
Rationale: Prolonged urinary retention can increase the risk of bladder infections due to stagnant urine, which can harbor bacteria
Fecal impaction is a potential complication of untreated constipation.
Answer: True
Rationale: Chronic constipation can lead to fecal impaction, especially in elderly patients
Alpha-adrenergic blockers are prescribed to increase bowel movement frequency in constipation.
Answer: False
Rationale: Alpha-adrenergic blockers are used for urinary retention in BPH, not for increasing bowel movements
Infection control measures, such as wearing gloves and gowns, are essential when caring for patients with C. diff
Answer: True
Rationale: Infection control measures, including wearing gloves and gowns, help prevent the spread of C. diff in healthcare settings
Which of the following are common symptoms of BPH-related urinary retention? (Select all that apply)
A) Weak urine stream
B) Frequent urination
C) Painful urination
D) Abdominal distension
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: BPH-related urinary retention commonly presents with weak stream, frequent urination, and sometimes painful urination due to bladder strain
Which symptoms are characteristic of C. diff infection? (Select all that apply)
A) Severe diarrhea
B) Fever
C) Constipation
D) Abdominal cramping
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: C. diff infection is characterized by severe diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramping; constipation is not typical
Which are appropriate nursing interventions for managing constipation in the elderly? (Select all that apply)
A) Encourage fluid intake
B) Suggest a high-fiber diet
C) Administer laxatives as prescribed
D) Restrict physical activity
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Increasing fluids, dietary fiber, and using laxatives as prescribed can help manage constipation, while physical activity is encouraged rather than restricted
What are effective measures to prevent the spread of C. diff in a healthcare setting? (Select all that apply)
A) Handwashing with soap and water
B) Using alcohol-based sanitizers
C) Wearing gloves and gowns
D) Isolating the patient
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Handwashing, wearing protective gear, and isolating the patient are effective in preventing the spread of C. diff; alcohol-based sanitizers are not effective against C. diff spores
Which interventions can help manage urinary incontinence in older adults? (Select all that apply)
A) Bladder training exercises
B) Use of absorbent pads
C) Encouraging minimal fluid intake
D) Scheduled toileting
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Bladder training, absorbent pads, and scheduled toileting are effective management strategies for urinary incontinence; restricting fluids can worsen dehydration
Which of the following medications may be prescribed to ease urination in patients with BPH?
A) Laxative
B) Stool softener
C) Alpha-adrenergic blocker
D) Anti-diarrheal
Answer: C
Rationale: Alpha-adrenergic blockers help relax prostate and bladder muscles, improving urine flow in BPH patients
What is the primary complication of untreated diarrhea associated with C. diff infection?
A) Constipation
B) Fecal impaction
C) Dehydration
D) Urinary retention
Answer: C
Rationale: Diarrhea from C. diff can lead to dehydration due to fluid and electrolyte loss
Which assessment finding would indicate fecal impaction in an elderly patient with chronic constipation?
A) Loose stool leakage
B) High urine output
C) Low blood pressure
D) Frequent urination
Answer: A
Rationale: Fecal impaction often leads to leakage of loose stool around the impacted area in the rectum
What is the main infection control method for managing C. diff?
A) Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer
B) Handwashing with soap and water
C) Wearing face masks
D) Restricting diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Soap and water handwashing is essential to remove C. diff spores from the skin
Which of the following is an expected finding in a patient with urinary incontinence due to age-related changes?
A) Hyperactivity
B) Poor urine stream
C) Urinary leakage
D) Constipation
Answer: C
Rationale: Age-related changes often lead to decreased control over the urinary sphincter, causing leakage
In a patient with BPH, which urinary symptom is commonly observed?
A) Painful urination only
B) Increased urgency with reduced output
C) High-volume urine output
D) Fecal incontinence
Answer: B
Rationale: BPH commonly results in urinary urgency with minimal output due to bladder outlet obstruction
What is the priority assessment for a patient with severe diarrhea due to C. diff?
A) Assess urine color
B) Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
C) Monitor blood pressure only
D) Assess for jaundice
Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial due to the risk of dehydration from severe diarrhea
Which is the main reason for isolating a patient with C. diff?
A) Prevent dehydration
B) Prevent spread of infection
C) Control the patient’s diet
D) Monitor fluid intake
Answer: B
Rationale: Isolation helps prevent the spread of C. diff to other patients and healthcare workers
Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for preventing constipation in elderly patients?
A) High protein, low fiber
B) Low sodium, low fiber
C) High fiber, adequate fluids
D) High carb, low protein
Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fiber diet and adequate fluids promote healthy bowel function and prevent constipation
Which of the following is most effective in preventing urinary incontinence in the elderly?
A) Limiting fluid intake
B) Bladder training
C) High fiber intake
D) Bed rest
Answer: B
Rationale: Bladder training strengthens bladder control, reducing urinary incontinence in older adults
