Nutrition and obesity

Question 1

What is obesity

Answer 1

BMI >30

Question 2

What could you use as an indication of obesity instead of BMI

Answer 2

Waist circumference

Question 3

What is a metabolically healthy individual

Answer 3

Have subcutaneous fat rather than intra abdominal region

Question 4

What are the dietary risk factors for obesity

Answer 4

Fat

• Unbalanced proportion of saturated fats and reduced n-3 fatty acids
• fast foods
• (individuals with reduced ability to oxidise fat are at risk of weight gain)

Sugar
-Hidden energy consumption

Alcohol
-Decreases fat oxidation and increases fat storage

Question 5

What does an increase in consumption of fructose lead to

Answer 5

Insulin resistance

Increase in storage of fat in the liver

Question 6

What does a consumption of high fat foods do

Answer 6

Leads to passive overconsumption of energy which leads to positive energy balance so over time leads to substantial weight gain

Question 7

When does bariatric surgery become an option

Answer 7

To those who are severely obese. However those who are diabetic have the threshold reduced a bit

Question 8

What happens to RMR during substantial weight ;loss

Answer 8

Resting metabolic rate per kilogram of fat-free mass is reduced

Question 9

What sort of diets are recommended for sustainable weight loss

Answer 9

600kcal/day deficit

Reduce calories by lowering the fat content (low-fat diets)

Question 10

When are very-low calorie diets only considered

Answer 10

Those who are obese and who have a clinically assessed need to rapidly lose weight (i.e. people who need going replacement surgery)

Question 11

What does obesity management need to focus on

Answer 11

Weight
BMI reduction

However more attention needs to be paid to waist circumference and the improvement in body composition which is focusing on ameliorating or maintaining fat free mass and decreasing fat mass