Energy balance Flashcards
what are examples of positive energy balance
Development of obesity
Growth
PRegnancy
Recovery from depletion
Examples of negative energy balance
Wasting disease
Anorexia nervosa
Starvation
Voluntary weight loss
How many KJ is 1kcal
4.184 (use estimated value of 4)
Why do we store energy as fat In our bodies
Because fat has the highest number of kcal per gram so we need less of it to store more energy
What is basal/resting metabolic rate
Accounts for 60-70% of total energy expenditure and is the energy spent when doing nothing
What contributes to the basal/resting metabolic rate
Heart and respiratory functions
Protein turnover
Fat and CHO turnover
Maintenance of ion gradients across membranes
What contributes to thermic effect of exercise and illness expenditure
- Partial starvation
- Postoperative
- Multiple fractures
- Severe infection
- Third degree burns
- Exercise
What are the three components for energy expenditure
Basal or resting metabolic rate
Energy expenditure of physical activity
Diet induced thermogenesis
What is diet induced thermogenesis
Increase in metabolic rate after a meal
Out of protein, CHO and fat, which has the highest energy expenditure and which has the lowest
Highest- Protein
Lowest- Fat
What is E.A.R (estimated average requirement)
Average
i.e. it is the midpoint in a normal distribution
What is R.N.I (reference nutrient intake)
meets or exceeds the needs of 97.5% of a group (average + 2SD)
What is the recommended dietary composition of CHO, fat and protein
CHO- about 50%
Fat- <35%
Protein- about 15-20%
What is the resting metabolism affected by
Size (fat free mass)
Growth (and ageing)
Food
How can you estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Use Henry equations
