Nutrition and Lung Disease

Question 1

some characteristics of the metabolic dysregulation associated w/ obesity

Answer 1

insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, HTN, proinflammatory state (affects asthma), adipokines

Question 2

asthma incidence in the obese

Answer 2

2x vs normal

Question 3

asthma likelihood by sex

Answer 3

males more likely in youth, females in adulthood

Question 4

maternal nutrients impacting childhood asthma

Answer 4

omega 3 FAs, vitamin D, and fiber were protective

Question 5

define obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 5

recurrent narrowing/collaps of pharyngeal airway during sleep

Question 6

consequences of OSA

Answer 6

derangements in blood gas, sympathetic surges, fragmented sleep

Question 7

2 possible events in OSA

Answer 7

apnea- cessation of airflow over 10 seconds

hypopnea- decreased airflow for over 10 seconds, assoc. w/ arousal and oxyHb desat

Question 8

nutritional factors that increase lung cancer risk

Answer 8

arsenic in drinking water, high dose beta-carotene supplements

limited evidence for: red meat, processed meat, alcoholic drinks

Question 9

obesity and lung cancer

Answer 9

paradoxically can lower mortality at certain higher BMIs- higher energy reserves, anti-tumor adipokines, metabolically active

Question 10

nutritional intervention for CF

Answer 10

maternal breast milk/formula supplemented w/ protein hydrolysate, lipids and carbs for infant

o1 year and up high cal, high protein, high fat, high salt diet

Question 11

obesity link to asthma

Answer 11

increase leptin/adiponectin ratio which can help eosinophil survival and migration to airways

efferocytosis (getting rid of dead cells) by airway macrophages is impaired

Question 12

mechanism for fiber benefit

Answer 12

changes in microbiota and short chain FA production that helps reduce airway inflammation in mother and child

via increased Treg activity