Alveolar Pathology Flashcards
pathology component to ARDS
diffuse alveolar damage DAD
clinical pres of ARDS/DAD
acute dyspnea, hypoxemia, decreased compliance
radiology of DAD during exudative phase
diffuse alveolar filling pattern, often air bronchograms visible (preserved airways)
patho of DAD during exudative phase
endo/epithelial injury: allows for protein and fluid to cross capillary/alveolar barrier
type II hyperplasia- lots of cells studding alveolar walls
hyaline membrane (frothy pink) linining alveolar space
clinical factors of proliferative/organizing phase of DAD
more than a week after injury, lower pulm compliance and require mechanical ventilation
radiology of the later DAD phases`
diffuse, w/ more interstitial than alveolar
patho of DAD later phases
interstitial w/ or w/o alveolar fibroblastic prolif, temporally uniform
fibroblasts visible in interstitium
clinical factors for respiratory distress syndrome of newborns
premature birth tachypnea, intercostal retraction, hypoxemia
radiology of RDS of newborns
diffuse alveolar filling w/ air bronchograms
pathology of RDS of newborns
diffuse intra alveolar hyaline membranes (acute exudative)
condensed parenchyma following ateclectasis (insufficient surfactant production)
common causes of aspiration in kids and adults
kids: foreign bodies
adults: gastric acid, food (lipids would be exogenous lipioid pneumonia)
radiology of aspiration
focal alveolar pattern, usually R lower lobe
patho of aspiration
if gastric acid- DAD pattern
if exogenous/foreign body- giant cell reaction w/ histiocytes surrounding
clinical importance of endogenous lipioid pneumonia
central major airway obstruction
radiology of endogenous lipioid pneumonia
peripheral infiltrates, can have central mass
