Nutrition and Fluid Balance Flashcards
What are signs of poor nutrition
Increase or decrease in weight
Low motivation
Tired
What are some signs of good nutrition
Good activity level BMI is normal Exercise Right proportions Shinny hair Regular bowel movement Clean skin
What is the function of protein?
Builds new cells
Examples of protein?
Meat
Eggs
Beans
Milk
What is the function of carbohydrates ?
Give energy
What are examples of carbs?
Rice
Bread
Potatoes
What is the function of vitamins?
Spark energy
Examples of vitamins and minerals?
Fruits and vegetables
What do minerals do?
Helps strengthen bones and teeth
What do fats do?
Store energy
examples of fats?
Butter
Margarine
Oil
How many servings of vegetables are recommended daily?
3-5
How many servings of protein is recommended daily?
2-3
How many servings of fruit is recommended daily?
2-4
How many servings of carbs is recommended daily?
6-11
How many servings of dairy is recommended daily?
2-3
What is a low sodium diet?
Limited sodium intake allowed
Common for legs to swell with CHF pts
Person cannot have extra salt or chips
What is a puréed diet?
Same food others are eating, blended up to a baby food- like substance
What does ADA stand for?
American diabetic association
What is the Mormon diet?
No alcohol, or caffeine
Fruits, vegetables,grains, and nuts take the place of meats
Meat, sugar, spices, and cheese is avoided
Fasting is practiced
What is the Greek Orthodox diet?
Fasting is required during Greek lent and before other holy days
Meat, fish, and dairy are not eaten during a fast
What is the Hindu diet?
No pork, fowl, duck, snails, crab
No beef
Milk, yogurt, and butter are allowed
Days of fast are Hindu holidays, Sundays, birthdays, and marriage and death anniversaries
Describe the Islamic diet
All pork and pork products are forbidden
Tea and coffee discouraged
No alcohol
Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, no food or drink from sunrise to sunset
What is the Jewish diet?
Kosher-prepared according to Jewish law
Cows, goats, and lambs are kosher so they can be eaten
Milk and meat cannot be cooked together
Meat and milk cannot be eaten in the same meal
Kosher fish have scales and fins
Explain the Roman Catholic diet
Fasting from meat is on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, and all Fridays during lent
Not eating food before receiving communion is required
What is the seventh day Adventist diet?
No tea coffee or alcohol
Vegetarian diet encouraged
No caffeine
What is the clear liquid diet?
See through liquids:
Tea, coffee, Apple juice, broth, jello
What is the full liquid diet?
Milky liquids:
Milk shakes, pudding, ice cream,yogurt, cottage cheese
What is intake?
Amount of fluid taken in
What is output?
Amount of fluid lost
What is edema?
Body tissues swell with water
What is dehydration?
Decrease in water in the body tissues
How many cc’s are in an oz?
30
How many ml is a pint?
500
How many ml in a quart?
1000
What does it mean to restrict fluids?
Certain number of cc’s allowed in a day, common with kidney problems
What are factors that affect fluid intake ?
Dysphasia Cognitive impairment CHF, infection, body conditions Increase/decrease in exercise Age related
What is a G-tube
Feeding tube that comes out of the body
what is at PEG?
A feeding tube that is flat and sits on belly, Portals connect to belly
Outputs are in form of:
Vomit
Urine
Drains
What does emesis mean?
Vomit
What is dysphasia?
Difficulty swallowing
