Nutrition and energy balance

Question 1

Define nutrition.

Answer 1

The intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs

Question 2

Define malnutrition.

Answer 2

When a person’s diet does not provide them with enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for good health

Question 3

What is the energy content of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

4 kcal/g

Question 4

What is the energy content of fats?

Answer 4

9 kcal/g

Question 5

What is the energy content of proteins?

Answer 5

4 kcal/g

Question 6

What percentage of energy intake should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 6

50-75%

Question 7

What percentage of energy intake should come from fats?

Answer 7

15-30%

Question 8

What percentage of energy intake should come from proteins?

Answer 8

10-20%

Question 9

What is the energy content of alcohol?

Answer 9

7 kcal/g

Question 10

Define the thermic effect of food.

Answer 10

The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb and metabolise the food you eat

Question 11

What is the thermic effect of food value for carbohydrates and lipids?

Answer 11

10% of the energy content

Question 12

What is the thermic effect of food value for proteins?

Answer 12

20% of the energy content

Question 13

What is the chemical name of vitamin B1?

Answer 13

Thiamin

Question 14

What is the chemical name of vitamin B2?

Answer 14

Riboflavin

Question 15

What is the chemical name of vitamin B3?

Answer 15

Niacin

Question 16

What is the chemical name of vitamin B5?

Answer 16

Pantothenic acid

Question 17

What is the chemical name of vitamin B6?

Answer 17

Pyridoxine

Question 18

What is the chemical name of vitamin B7?

Answer 18

Biotin

Question 19

What is the chemical name of vitamin B9?

Answer 19

Folate

Question 20

What is the chemical name of vitamin B12?

Answer 20

Cobalamin

Question 21

What is the chemical name of vitamin C?

Answer 21

Ascorbic acid

Question 22

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 22

A, D, E, K

Question 23

What is the precursor to vitamin A?

Answer 23

Beta-carotene

Question 24

What is the active form of vitamin A?

Answer 24

Retinol

Question 25

Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?

Answer 25

Vitamin K

Question 26

Folate deficiency can result in which type of anaemia?

Answer 26

Megaloblastic anaemia

Question 27

What is the primary role of folate in metabolism?

Answer 27

One-carbon transfer reactions

Question 28

What is the recommended daily intake of folate in men and women aged 19 - 64?

Answer 28

200 ug

Question 29

What is the recommended daily intake of folate for women prior to pregnancy and for the first 12 weeks?

Answer 29

400 ug

Question 30

Folate supplementation is encouraged in pregnancy to avoid the risk of which condition?

Answer 30

Spina bifida

Question 31

What type of UV radiation causes the skin epidermis to synthesise cholecalciferol?

Answer 31

UVB

Question 32

In children, vitamin D deficiency causes which condition?

Answer 32

Rickets

Question 33

In adults, vitamin D deficiency causes which condition?

Answer 33

Osteomalacia

Question 34

What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency?

Answer 34

Pernicious anaemia

Question 35

List 2 common medications which can interfere with the absorption of B12.

Answer 35

PPIs Metformin

Question 36

Deficiency in vitamin C causes which condition?

Answer 36

Scurvy

Question 37

Humans cannot synthesise vitamin C due to a lack of which enzyme?

Answer 37

L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) enzyme

Question 38

List 4 common causes of iron deficiency.

Answer 38

Heavy menstrual bleeding Bleeding from GI tract Inadequate diet Malabsorption issues

Question 39

What are the 3 components of energy expenditure?

Answer 39

Basal metabolism Physical activity Thermic effect of food

Question 40

List 3 main reasons why homeostasis is important.

Answer 40

Optimal functioning Adaptability Disease prevention