Introduction to inflammation Flashcards
What is the dominant cell type in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What are the 3 main components of acute inflammation?
Vascular dilation
Endothelial activation
Neutrophil activation and migration
How does the viscosity of blood change in vasodilation?
Viscosity increases
What is exudation?
Fluid, proteins, and cells leaking out of blood vessels and into surrounding tissues
What is the term for when leukocytes migrate through endothelial gaps during inflammation?
Diapedesis
What are the 4 possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
Resolution
Healing by fibrosis
Abscess formation
Progression to chronic inflammation
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Calor (heat)
Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Functio laesa (loss of function)
Which kind of acute inflammation would be seen in bacterial infections?
Suppurative (purulent) inflammation
Which kind of acute inflammation would be seen in meningitis + pericarditis?
Fibrinous inflammation
Which kind of inflammation would be seen in a skin blister?
Serous inflammation
What are the 3 types of chronic inflammation?
Non-specific chronic inflammation
Specific (primary) chronic inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation
What is the dominant cell type in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What percentage of cases of Crohn’s disease affect only the small intestine?
40%
What percentage of cases of Crohn’s disease affect both the small intestine and colon?
30%
What percentage of cases of Crohn’s disease affect only the colon?
30%
List 4 macroscopic features of Crohn’s disease.
Skip lesions
Serpentine ulcers
Cobblestone appearance
Fissures
How does inflammation differ in Crohn’s and UC?
Crohn’s - transmural inflammation
UC - inflammation limited to mucosa and superficial submucosa
