Nutrition and energy Flashcards
Define nutrition?
Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs
How do you calculate energy intake?
Energy intake = energy expenditure + change in energy stores
What factors affect Basal Metabolic Rate?
1) Height, weight size:
2) Body composition:
3) Gender
4) Age
5) Climate
6) Hormones
7) Temperature/illness
8) Nicotine and caffeine
9) Malnutrition
10) Fasting/starvation
How are carbohydrates stored in the body?
Stored as glycogen
Small pool size
Stored in liver/muscle
How is fat stored in the body?
Stored as triglycerides
Moderate-large (unlimited) pool size
Stored in adipose tissue
How is protein stored in the body?
Moderate (limited) pool size
Stored in muscles (including organs)
When is the fed state?
0-4 hours after food
When is the fasting state?
4-12 hours after food
When is the starved state?
12+ hours after food
What are the 6 essential nutrients to survive?
1) Water
2) Calories (carbs and fat)
3) Protein
4) Essential fatty acids
5) Vitamins
6) minerals/trace elements