Intro to inflammation Flashcards
Is inflammation part of the innate or delayed immune response?
Innate
What are some of the beneficial effects of inflammation?
Delivery of immune cells and proteins
Dilution of toxins
Eliminate substance & allow tissue repair
or
Stimulate further response
Entry of drugs
Excessive inflammation - Arthritis, syphyillis, lyme
During inflammation, what can vascular changes such as vasodilation result in?
Erythema
Warmth
Oedema
During inflammation, what can vascular changes such as increased permeability result in?
Inc exudate (fluid and proteins) Inc emigration of inflamm cells
What immune cells will do phagocytosis in inflammatioin?
Neutrophils
What are the causes of chronic inflammation?
Persisting infection Persisting foreign bodies Inadequate response Prolonged toxin exposure Persisting trauma Auto-immune
What are some of the microscopic features of chronic inflammation?
New leukocytes (lymphocytes and macrophages)
Tissue destruction
Attempts at healing
Involves adaptive immunity
When can leukocytosis occur? (inc in leukocytes)
In acute and chronic inflammation
What are some patterns of inflammation?
Granulomas
Ulcers
Serous & Fibrinous
Suppurative - pus forming (purulent exudate)
What is granulomatous inflammation and what can cause it? Does it occur in chronic or acute iflamm or both?
Granulomas = collections of macrophages Mycobacteria, especially tuberculosis Foreign material Sarcoidosis Chronic and acute
What are ulcers, give examples? Does it occur in chronic or acute iflamm or both?
Break in epithelial surface Acute or chronic Aphthous ulcers Peptic ulcers Ulcerative colitis
In serous and fibrinous inflam, which is acute and which is chronic? e.g.blister
Serous - acute
Fibrinous - chronic
What immune cells are present in purulent exudate (supprative)?
neutrophils
What are the macro and microscopic features of crohn’s disease?
Macro: Can affect anywhere Bowel thickened, ulcers & fissures Cobblestoning Fistulae Abscesses Micro: Transmural inflammation Patchy, skip lesions Chronic inflammatory cells predominate Granulomas
What are the macro and microscopic features of ulcerative colitis?
Macro: Colon only Inflammation & ulceration Pseudopolyps Micro: Superficial inflammation Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate Crypt abscesses and cryptitis Continuous inflammation
