Body Composition Flashcards
Define body composition
Relative proportions of protein, fat, water, and mineral components in the body that make up total body weight.
Define Malnutrition.
Deficiency or Excess of nutrition, leading to an imbalance of energy and nutrition, causing measurable adverse effects on the body: e.g. impaired function, composition and worsened clinical outcome.
What is the formula to calculate BMI? What is overweight and underweight?
BMI = kg/m^2
Under: <18.5
Over: >25
Obese: >29.9
What are the constraints of using BMI?
1) Doesn’t consider body composition
2) Doesn’t consider ethnic differences
3) Age and sex independent (e.g. Women have more body fat)
How can we estimate BMI without scales? (e.g. for bariatric patients)
Ulna Length.
Knee height caliper.
Demi Span.
Mid Upper Arm Circumference - doesn’t calculate weight, only shows changes in weight
How can we estimate BMI without scales? (e.g. for bariatric patients)
Ulna Length.
Knee height caliper.
Demi Span.
Mid Upper Arm Circumference - doesn’t calculate weight, only shows changes in weight
List 4 body composition measuring methods
1) Bioelectrical impedance
2) Anthropometry
3) Densitometry
4) Imaging techniques
Body - “BADI”
Define Cachexia
Abnormally low weight, weakness and general bodily decline associated with chronic disease
What factors affect body composition?
- Biological: Age, gender, ethnicity
- Lifestyle: Diet, physical activity.
- Health-related factors: Presence of disease.
- Biometric: Height, fat and muscle distribution.
- Environment.
List as many consequences of malnutrition as you can remember (There’s too many, just learn a few).
↓ QOL ↑ risk other illness/infection, ↑ pressure sores/impaired wound healing, Medication less effective, Longer healing times, Longer hospital stays, Confusion /depression/ mood disturbance, ↑ falls (elderly), ↓ respiratory muscle strength – dependency on ventilators/ SOB more easily, ↑ Mortality
