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PSW final exam > Nutrition and Elimination > Flashcards

Nutrition and Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Canada Food Guide Suggestions

A
  1. 1/2 of your plate should be fruits and vegetables, 1/4 grains and 1/4 meat or protein
  2. Eat a variety of foods
  3. Limit fats, oils, sweets, and processed foods
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2
Q

Special diets (7)

A
  1. NPO: nothing by mouth
  2. Low sodium: less salt. Processed or preserved foods are often high in sodium. A reduced sodium form of a processed food may still contain a very high amount, simply less than the original form
  3. Low fat: choose lean cuts of meat, trim fat, and bake, broil or grill rather than frying food
  4. Clear fluids: fluids you can see through, including anything that melts into a puddle
  5. Full fluids: fluids you cannot see through
  6. Pureed: very smoothly blended, no chunks at all
  7. Minced: very small pieces of food, consistency of ground beef
  8. Soft: consistency that could be chewed by someone with no teeth
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3
Q

Feeding (5)

A
  1. always use a teaspoon
  2. never feed more than 2 residents at the same time
  3. ensure the client is sitting upright
  4. allow time, do not appear impatient or rushed
  5. Allow the client choice as able and offer fluids between bites
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4
Q

Complications of Eating (2)

A

Choking and aspiration

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5
Q

Digestion (4)

A
  1. begins in the mouth
  2. continues throughout the GI tract
  3. nutrients are absorbed into the body in the small intestine
  4. Water is absorbed into the body in the large intestine
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6
Q

Aging and Digestion (3)

A
  1. things move more slowly through the GI tract
  2. more water is absorbed into the body which can lead to constipation.
  3. Nutrients are not absorbed as well in the small intestine, so additional supplements may be required
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7
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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8
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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9
Q

Nocturia

A

urination during the night

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10
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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11
Q

Frequency

A

urinating more often than normal

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12
Q

Urgency

A

needing to go immediately

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13
Q

Cystitis (UTI)

A

bladder infection. Signs include frequency, urgency, burning on urination, fever may be present. Encourage extra fluids.

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14
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection. Signs include the above, plus hematuria and possible back pain. Encourage extra fluids

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15
Q

Renal Calculi

A

kidney stones. Severe pain (back and pelvic region are most common), frequency, voiding small amounts, hematuria and more. Encourage fluids and strain urine

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16
Q

Diarrhea

A

excessive water in the bowel movement, generally more frequent bowel movements

17
Q

Constipation

A

hard, dry BM, generally less frequent than normal for that person. Provide fibre, bulk forming food, extra fluids and exercise to avoid this. The persons normal routine should also be followed and the need for a bowel movement should never be ignored.

18
Q

Fecal impaction

A

BM ‘stuck’ in the lower GI tract, not allowing solids to pass by. The person may pass small amounts of liquid BM, have abd discomfort and nausea

19
Q

Bowel obstruction

A

solid BM is completely blocking the GI tract so that nothing can get through. Can result in perforation (bursting) of the colon, infection and even death

20
Q

Ileostomy

A

part of the small intestine is brought out through the abdomen. BM will be liquid and very irritating to the skin. Good skin care is essential

21
Q

Colostomy

A

Part of the large intestine (colon) is brought out through the abdomen. If this is near the rectum, BM will be solid. If near the beginning of the colon, BM will be liquid

22
Q

Incontinence (3)

A
  1. being unable to get to the washroom due to mobility or cognitive issues
  2. decreased sensation results in not recognizing the urge to eliminate until it is too late
  3. weakening of the sphincter that allows you to control elimination
23
Q

Incontinence Care (4)

A
  1. offer assistance with toileting regularily if needed
  2. respond promptly to requests for assistance
  3. only offer incontinence products if already approved, then check and change frequently
  4. ensure privacy, comfort and dignity
24
Q

Should catheter be used to treat incontinence?

A

No
Why: increased risk of infection and falls

25
Q

Catheter care (2)

A
  1. ensure it is free of kinks and
  2. that the drainage bag and tubing is below the level of the persons bladder.
26
Q

How much should you urinate per day?

A

1500 mL

27
Q

Sodium

A
  1. Mineral
  2. Needed for muscle/nerve function and balancing fluid
  3. Found in salt and preservatives
28
Q

Cystis

A

Bladder

29
Q

Pyelo

A

Renal pelvis

30
Q

Nephro

A

Kidney

PSW final exam (14 decks)

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