Nutrition and Digestion (CHO + PROTEIN) Flashcards
Monosaccharides definition
hexose sugars (6C) - breakdown products of complex CHOs which are absorbed by the small intestine
Monosaccharide examples
glucose, galactose, fructose
Disaccharides definition
two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds
How are disaccharides broken down
broken down into constituent monomers by brush border enzymes of the small intestine
Lactose is broken down into
glucose + galactose using lactase
Sucrose is broken down into
glucose + fructose using sucrase
Maltose is broken down into
glucose + glucose using maltase
Disaccharide examples
lactose, sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharides definiton
long chains of monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic bonds
Polysaccharide examples
starch, cellulose, glycogen
Starch definition
- plant storage form of glucose
- two types: a-amylose and amylopectin
- linked by a-1.4 glycosidic bonds
a-amylose chains are
straight chains of glucose
amylopectin chains are
highly branched chains of glucose
a-1,4 glycosidic bonds (starch, glycogen) are hydrolysed by what enzyme
amylases (some from saliva, most from pancreas)
cellulose definition
- constituent of plant cell walls
- unbranched linear chains of glucose monomers
- linked by B-1,4 glycosidic bonds