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Anatomy Overview 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many regions is the abdomen split into

A

9

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2
Q

Upper right region

A

Right Hypochondrium

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3
Q

Upper middle region

A

Epigastrium

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4
Q

Upper left region

A

Left Hypochondrium

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5
Q

Middle right region

A

right Lumbar

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6
Q

Central region

A

Periumbilical

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7
Q

Middle left region

A

Left Lumbar

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8
Q

Lower right region

A

Right Iliac fossa

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9
Q

Lower middle region

A

Hypogastrium

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10
Q

Lower left region

A

Left Iliac fossa

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11
Q

Diseases of the foregut

A
  1. Peptic ulcer, gastric disease
  2. Biliary/pancreatic disease
  3. Hepatic disease
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12
Q

Diseases of the midgut

A
  1. Appendicitis
  2. Small bowel obstruction
  3. “Proximal” colon cancer
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13
Q

Diseases of the hindgut

A
  1. Large bowel obstruction
  2. Diverticular disease
  3. Carcinoma of the colon
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14
Q

How many constrictions does the Oesophagus have

A

3

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15
Q

Where does the cervical oesophageal constriction occur

A

15cm from incisor teeth

also known as Pharyngo-oesophageal

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16
Q

Where does the thoracic oesophageal constriction occur

A

crossed by arch of aorta (22.5 cm from incisor teeth) and left main bronchus (27.5cm)
(also known as broncho-aortic)

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17
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic oesophageal constriction occur

A

passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm (40cm from incisor teeth)

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18
Q

Name the 4 different parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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19
Q

What is the cardia of the stomach

A

Area where the contents of the oesophagus is emptied into the stomach

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20
Q

What is the fundus of the stomach

A

area formed by the upper curvature of the organ

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21
Q

What is the body of the stomach

A

main central region

22
Q

What is the pyloric part of the stomach

A

sphincter - lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine - also contains the antrum (storage) and pyloric canal

23
Q

Name the curvatures of the stomach

A

lesser and greater

24
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter

A

controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

25
What organs/structures make up the "stomach bed"
Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon
26
name three common clinical conditions associated with the stomach
1. congenital pyloric stenosis - thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus 2. carcinoma (cancer) of the stomach 3. gastric ulcers and vagotomy
27
How many lobes does the liver have
2 - right (large) and left (small)
28
What ligament runs between the lobes of the liver
falciform ligament - remnant of ventral mesogastrium
29
What vessel makes a groove in the liver but does not pass through
IVC
30
Liver surface anatomy
lies deep to ribs 7-11 not he right side
31
Attached to the stomach via
lesser omentum
32
What makes up the portal triad
Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
33
What is the function of the biliary duct
carry bile from the liver to gallbladder
34
Where is bile produced
liver
35
Where is bile stored and concentrated
gall bladder
36
How much bile can the gallbladder store at one time
up to 50ml
37
what artery supplies the gall bladder
cystic artery
38
where does the cystic artery lie
triangle of clot - area between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of the liver
39
What is biliary colic
when pain occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the bile duct - also known as a gallbladder/stone attack
40
What are the 4 F's risk factors for biliary colic
Fertile, fatty, female of forty
41
What is the function of the pancreas
accessory digestive gland - exocrine = pancreatic juice - endocrine = insulin and glucagon
42
how is the pancreas peritonised
retroperitoneal
43
where does the pancreas lie
along the transpyloric plane - L1/2
44
Name the different parts of the pancreas
uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail
45
where is the portal vein formed
behind the neck of the pancreas
46
what is the function of the spleen
mobile haemo-lymphoid organ (blood filter) | *it is the most frequently injured abdominal organ
47
Surface marking of spleen
9-11 ribs on left side
48
how is the spleen peritonised
intraperitoneal - entirely covered by peritoneum except at the hilum
49
define splenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of spleen - some causes are anaemia and typhoid fever
50
what must you be careful not to damage when removing the spleen
tail of pancreas - can use diabetes

GI (25 decks)

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