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GI > Anatomy Overview 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Overview 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many regions is the abdomen split into

A

9

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2
Q

Upper right region

A

Right Hypochondrium

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3
Q

Upper middle region

A

Epigastrium

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4
Q

Upper left region

A

Left Hypochondrium

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5
Q

Middle right region

A

right Lumbar

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6
Q

Central region

A

Periumbilical

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7
Q

Middle left region

A

Left Lumbar

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8
Q

Lower right region

A

Right Iliac fossa

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9
Q

Lower middle region

A

Hypogastrium

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10
Q

Lower left region

A

Left Iliac fossa

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11
Q

Diseases of the foregut

A
  1. Peptic ulcer, gastric disease
  2. Biliary/pancreatic disease
  3. Hepatic disease
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12
Q

Diseases of the midgut

A
  1. Appendicitis
  2. Small bowel obstruction
  3. “Proximal” colon cancer
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13
Q

Diseases of the hindgut

A
  1. Large bowel obstruction
  2. Diverticular disease
  3. Carcinoma of the colon
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14
Q

How many constrictions does the Oesophagus have

A

3

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15
Q

Where does the cervical oesophageal constriction occur

A

15cm from incisor teeth

also known as Pharyngo-oesophageal

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16
Q

Where does the thoracic oesophageal constriction occur

A

crossed by arch of aorta (22.5 cm from incisor teeth) and left main bronchus (27.5cm)
(also known as broncho-aortic)

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17
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic oesophageal constriction occur

A

passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm (40cm from incisor teeth)

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18
Q

Name the 4 different parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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19
Q

What is the cardia of the stomach

A

Area where the contents of the oesophagus is emptied into the stomach

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20
Q

What is the fundus of the stomach

A

area formed by the upper curvature of the organ

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21
Q

What is the body of the stomach

A

main central region

22
Q

What is the pyloric part of the stomach

A

sphincter - lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine - also contains the antrum (storage) and pyloric canal

23
Q

Name the curvatures of the stomach

A

lesser and greater

24
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter

A

controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

25
Q

What organs/structures make up the “stomach bed”

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

26
Q

name three common clinical conditions associated with the stomach

A
  1. congenital pyloric stenosis - thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus
  2. carcinoma (cancer) of the stomach
  3. gastric ulcers and vagotomy
27
Q

How many lobes does the liver have

A

2 - right (large) and left (small)

28
Q

What ligament runs between the lobes of the liver

A

falciform ligament - remnant of ventral mesogastrium

29
Q

What vessel makes a groove in the liver but does not pass through

A

IVC

30
Q

Liver surface anatomy

A

lies deep to ribs 7-11 not he right side

31
Q

Attached to the stomach via

A

lesser omentum

32
Q

What makes up the portal triad

A

Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct

33
Q

What is the function of the biliary duct

A

carry bile from the liver to gallbladder

34
Q

Where is bile produced

A

liver

35
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated

A

gall bladder

36
Q

How much bile can the gallbladder store at one time

A

up to 50ml

37
Q

what artery supplies the gall bladder

A

cystic artery

38
Q

where does the cystic artery lie

A

triangle of clot - area between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of the liver

39
Q

What is biliary colic

A

when pain occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the bile duct - also known as a gallbladder/stone attack

40
Q

What are the 4 F’s risk factors for biliary colic

A

Fertile, fatty, female of forty

41
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

accessory digestive gland

  • exocrine = pancreatic juice
  • endocrine = insulin and glucagon
42
Q

how is the pancreas peritonised

A

retroperitoneal

43
Q

where does the pancreas lie

A

along the transpyloric plane - L1/2

44
Q

Name the different parts of the pancreas

A

uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail

45
Q

where is the portal vein formed

A

behind the neck of the pancreas

46
Q

what is the function of the spleen

A

mobile haemo-lymphoid organ (blood filter)

*it is the most frequently injured abdominal organ

47
Q

Surface marking of spleen

A

9-11 ribs on left side

48
Q

how is the spleen peritonised

A

intraperitoneal - entirely covered by peritoneum except at the hilum

49
Q

define splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of spleen - some causes are anaemia and typhoid fever

50
Q

what must you be careful not to damage when removing the spleen

A

tail of pancreas - can use diabetes

GI (25 decks)

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