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GI > Grand tour of the Alimentary system > Flashcards

Grand tour of the Alimentary system Flashcards

1
Q

List the four main functions of the digestive system

A
  1. digestion
  2. secretion
  3. absorption
  4. motility
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2
Q

digestion

A

large molecules to small molecules

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3
Q

secretion

A

create an aqueous environment + enzymes

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4
Q

absorption

A

into blood

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5
Q

motility

A

moves everything along

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6
Q

what kind of circuit is the digestive system described as

A

series - can’t miss the liver

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7
Q

how many pairs of salivary glands are there

A

3 pairs = 6 in total

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8
Q

name the different salivary glands

A
  1. parotid - largest
  2. sublingual - up under tongue
  3. submandibular - under jaw line
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9
Q

main function - mouth

A

foodstuffs broken down by chewing - saliva added as lubricant

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10
Q

main function - oesophagus

A

conduit between mouth and stomach - can also move food against gravity

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11
Q

main function - stomach

A

Digestion of proteins, foodstuffs reduced to liquid form, storage, sterilisation (due to HCL content)

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12
Q

main function - pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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13
Q

main function - liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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14
Q

main function - gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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15
Q

main function - small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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16
Q

main function - large intestine

A

Water absorption, bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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17
Q

main function - bile salts

A

emulsify fats – allow for absorption

*water follows sodium in absorption

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18
Q

general structure of the alimentary canal

A

continuous hollow tube (varying diameter)

oesophagus-rectum = ~8m

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19
Q

What are the 4 layers go the alimentary canal (in to out)

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. musclularis externa
  4. serosa/adventitia
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20
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa (in to out)

A
  1. epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae
21
Q

What are the only two places where the submucosa contains glands

A

oesophagus (glands secrete mucous) and duodenum (glands secrete bicarbonate)

22
Q

what is and what comprises the enteric nervous system

A
  1. nervous system for independant control of gut function

2. made up of submucosal plexus + myenteric plexus

23
Q

stratified squamous epithelium found

A

mouth, oesophagus, anal canal

24
Q

simple columnar epithelium found

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

25
Q

main epithelium functions

A
  1. barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body
  2. synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
  3. absorbs products of digestion
26
Q

lamina propria structure/function

A
  1. loose connective tissue

2. contains glands, blood vessels and lymph vessels

27
Q

muscularis mucosae structure

A

thin smooth muscle layer

28
Q

submucosa structure/function

A
  1. thick irregular connective tissue supports structures

2. contains neurones, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

29
Q

what network do submucosal neurones form

A

Meissners plexus (parasympathetic)

30
Q

Adventitia structure/function

A
  1. connective tissue outer layer of canal

2. OUTSIDE peritoneal cavity - attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

31
Q

Serosa structure/function

A
  1. connective tissue outer later of canal

2. INSIDE peritoneal cavity - surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

32
Q

Muscularis externa structure/function

A
  1. two concentric thick layers of smooth muscle (Inner circular, outer longitudinal)
  2. produce motility (peristalsis, segmentation)
33
Q

What does the inner circular muscle layer do

A

constircts lumen

34
Q

what does the outer longitudinal muscle layer do

A

shortens tube

35
Q

What plexus is found between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

A

myenteric Auerbacks plexus

36
Q

Autonomic control

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

37
Q

Parasympathetic control

A
  1. via vagus nerve (X) EXCEPT salivation (VII,IX)
  2. always STIMULATORY to gut function:
    Increased secretion and motility
38
Q

Sympathetic control

A
  1. via splanchnic nerve
  2. always INHIBITORY to gut function (expect salivation):
    Decreased secretion and motility
39
Q

Stomach blood vessels

A 
A = celiac trunk
V = gastric veins - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
40
Q

Pancreas blood vessels

A 
A = celiac trunk
V = Splenic vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
41
Q

Liver blood vessels

A 
A = celiac trunk
V = Hepatic vein - IVC
42
Q

Small intestine blood vessels

A 
A = superior mesenteric artery
V = superior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
43
Q

Caecum blood vessels

A 
A = superior mesenteric artery
V = superior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
44
Q

Ascending colon blood vessels

A 
A = superior mesenteric artery
V = superior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
45
Q

Transverse colon blood vessels

A 
A = superior mesenteric artery
V = superior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
46
Q

Descending colon blood vessels

A 
A = inferior mesenteric artery
V = inferior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
47
Q

Sigmoid colon blood vessels

A 
A = inferior mesenteric artery
V = inferior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC
48
Q

Rectum blood vessels

A 
A = inferior mesenteric artery
V = inferior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

GI (25 decks)

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