Nutrition and Digestion Flashcards
What is the function in the pancreas in the digestive system?
The pancreas produces and releases enzymes that help break down food
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the contraction of the wall of the oesophagus that squeezes down food into the stomach.
What are villi and what is their function?
Villi are small hair-like structures on the intestine wall that provide a high surface to volume ratio ,aiding in the absorption of foo
What is bile?
Bile is a fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks down fat and fatty acids.
What is the function of the small intestine?
The small intestine helps the products of food be absorbed into the bloodstream.
What is the function of the large intestine?
The large intestine helps absorb water and electrolytes into blood and turn waste food into stool/faeces.
What is the role of the rectum?
The rectum stores stool/faeces.
How do faeces leave through the body?
Faeces leave through the anus by excretion.
What are lipases?
Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids, which then break down into fatty acids and glycerols.
What is the function of carbohydrase?
Carbohydrase break down carbohydrates and starch ,which then break down into glucose ,the main type of sugar in blood.
What do proteases break down?
Proteases break down into proteins, which then break down into amino acids.
What are the names of the three variables?
The independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variable.
What is the definition of the control variable?
The thing that you keep the same in an experiment.
What is the definition of the dependent variable?
The thing that you measure in an experiment.
What is the definition of the independent variable?
The thing that you change in an experiment.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are an important substance made by the cells of organisms.
What is the definition of binds/binding?
Substances attaching to each other.
What is an active site?
The active site is a special place of the enzyme, where large molecules bind to the active site and have a chemical reaction.
What is a substrate?
The large molecules that the active site binds too.
What is the definition of a catalyse ?(not the type of enzyme)
To make a chemical reaction.
What happens if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site?
There wouldn’t be a chemical reaction.
What happens after the substrate binds to the active site?
The substrate breaks down into the smaller molecules.
How do enzymes help the digestive system?
Help break down the food.
Which element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates?
Nitrogen.
Which elements are present in fats and oils?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the chemical test for starch?
Iodine
A brick red precipitate forms when a solution is heated with Benedict’s reagent. What could this solution contain?
Sugars.
What is glycogen made from?
Glucose.
Why are proteins important in a balanced diet?
They are good for height and growth.
Which biological molecule contains the most energy?
Carbohydrates.
Which reagent is used to test for the presence of fat?
Emulsion of ethanol.
What is emulsion of ethanol?
When two liquids that don’t like each other mix, they form tiny droplets that are spread out evenly.
What is the definition of reagent?
A chemical that indicates the presence of a substance, usually by changing colour.
What is unit of energy?
J which is Joules.
How much energy is there in the food types: proteins, carbohydrates and fats/lipids?
Carbohydrates: 16.7kJ each gram.
Proteins: 16.7kJ each gram.
Fats: 37.7kJ
How much Joules do you need to make 1kJ
1000 Joules.
How do humans get energy by digestion?
The products of food that went to the small intestine absorb into blood which leads to the production of energy.
What are lipids?
Lipids are basically fats but there are many types of lipids.
What is a balanced diet?
Eating all of the seven food groups in the correct proportion.
What are all the seven food groups of a balanced diet?
Proteins,fats,minerals,vitamins, fibers, carbohydrates and water.
Why is protein important for a balanced diet?
They provide height and growth
