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Biology > Nutrition and Digestion > Flashcards

Nutrition and Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function in the pancreas in the digestive system?

A

The pancreas produces and releases enzymes that help break down food

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2
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is the contraction of the wall of the oesophagus that squeezes down food into the stomach.

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3
Q

What are villi and what is their function?

A

Villi are small hair-like structures on the intestine wall that provide a high surface to volume ratio ,aiding in the absorption of foo

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4
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile is a fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks down fat and fatty acids.

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5
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

The small intestine helps the products of food be absorbed into the bloodstream.

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6
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

The large intestine helps absorb water and electrolytes into blood and turn waste food into stool/faeces.

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7
Q

What is the role of the rectum?

A

The rectum stores stool/faeces.

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8
Q

How do faeces leave through the body?

A

Faeces leave through the anus by excretion.

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9
Q

What are lipases?

A

Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids, which then break down into fatty acids and glycerols.

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10
Q

What is the function of carbohydrase?

A

Carbohydrase break down carbohydrates and starch ,which then break down into glucose ,the main type of sugar in blood.

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11
Q

What do proteases break down?

A

Proteases break down into proteins, which then break down into amino acids.

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12
Q

What are the names of the three variables?

A

The independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variable.

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13
Q

What is the definition of the control variable?

A

The thing that you keep the same in an experiment.

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14
Q

What is the definition of the dependent variable?

A

The thing that you measure in an experiment.

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15
Q

What is the definition of the independent variable?

A

The thing that you change in an experiment.

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16
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are an important substance made by the cells of organisms.

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17
Q

What is the definition of binds/binding?

A

Substances attaching to each other.

18
Q

What is an active site?

A

The active site is a special place of the enzyme, where large molecules bind to the active site and have a chemical reaction.

19
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The large molecules that the active site binds too.

20
Q

What is the definition of a catalyse ?(not the type of enzyme)

A

To make a chemical reaction.

21
Q

What happens if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site?

A

There wouldn’t be a chemical reaction.

22
Q

What happens after the substrate binds to the active site?

A

The substrate breaks down into the smaller molecules.

23
Q

How do enzymes help the digestive system?

A

Help break down the food.

24
Q

Which element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

A

Nitrogen.

25
Q

Which elements are present in fats and oils?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

26
Q

What is the chemical test for starch?

A

Iodine

27
Q

A brick red precipitate forms when a solution is heated with Benedict’s reagent. What could this solution contain?

A

Sugars.

28
Q

What is glycogen made from?

A

Glucose.

29
Q

Why are proteins important in a balanced diet?

A

They are good for height and growth.

30
Q

Which biological molecule contains the most energy?

A

Carbohydrates.

31
Q

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of fat?

A

Emulsion of ethanol.

32
Q

What is emulsion of ethanol?

A

When two liquids that don’t like each other mix, they form tiny droplets that are spread out evenly.

33
Q

What is the definition of reagent?

A

A chemical that indicates the presence of a substance, usually by changing colour.

34
Q

What is unit of energy?

A

J which is Joules.

35
Q

How much energy is there in the food types: proteins, carbohydrates and fats/lipids?

A

Carbohydrates: 16.7kJ each gram.
Proteins: 16.7kJ each gram.
Fats: 37.7kJ

36
Q

How much Joules do you need to make 1kJ

A

1000 Joules.

37
Q

How do humans get energy by digestion?

A

The products of food that went to the small intestine absorb into blood which leads to the production of energy.

38
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are basically fats but there are many types of lipids.

39
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

Eating all of the seven food groups in the correct proportion.

40
Q

What are all the seven food groups of a balanced diet?

A

Proteins,fats,minerals,vitamins, fibers, carbohydrates and water.

41
Q

Why is protein important for a balanced diet?

A

They provide height and growth

Biology (3 decks)

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